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大概设计
大概设计就是对需求进行一个整体性分析,把需要实现的功能都列出来,对于客户关系管理系统,我们需要从角色出发,从而确定有哪些需求,最好是画个思维导图
首先我们是为培训学校这么一个场景来开发的,所以有:学生,讲师,销售,老板这么四个角色,那接下来,我们就要对这几个角色需要实现哪些功能逐一分析了
第一个,学生,1.交作业 2.查成绩 3.请假 4.合同 5.我的推荐 6.投诉建议
第二个,讲师, 1.上课点名 2.批作业 3.创建上课记录 4.查看班级成绩 5.课时申报 6.问卷调查
第三个,销售 1.存储客户信息 2.办理报名手续 3.客户跟踪记录 4.各种维度查询,过滤客户信息
第四个,老板 1.销售报表分析 2.教学质量报表
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详细设计
对详细设计的话,那就要从业务场景下的客户体验和美观性,安全性,还有在带宽上和并发量进行综合考虑了,这个事一般是架构师进行总体性的一个规划,而在这里的话,由于这个项目只是一个对内的项目,所以对美观性和安全性和带宽上要求就没有那么高了,我们就多关注一下是表的设计即可
组件上,由于对高并发要求低,Django就非常合适了,前端的话,用bootstrap和jquery就可以了,数据就mysql吧
首先,我们先创建一个Django项目和一个名为PerfectCRM的数据库(在创建创建数据库时,注意编码,charset utf8),并在django项目下配置数据库
接下来就models下,建自己基于上面概设分析出来的表类(记住:现在想周全了,后面填坑就少些),主要从值的唯一性,表间关系(一对一,一对多,多对多),可不可空,节省空间上考虑
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Customer(models.Model): ‘‘‘客户信息表‘‘‘ name = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=True, null=True) # blank对admin起作用,而null对数据库起作用,一般两个成对写上 qq = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True) qq_name = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) phone = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) source_choices = ((0, ‘转介绍‘), (1, ‘QQ群‘), (2, ‘官网‘), (3, ‘百度推广‘), (4, ‘51CTO‘), (5, ‘知乎‘), (6, ‘市场推广‘) ) source = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=source_choices) # 小数字字段省空间 referral_from = models.CharField(verbose_name=‘转介绍人qq‘, max_length=64, blank=True, null=True) consult_course = models.ForeignKey("Course", verbose_name=‘咨询课程‘) content = models.TextField(verbose_name=‘咨询详情‘) tags = models.ManyToManyField(‘Tag‘, blank=True, null=True) consultant = models.ForeignKey(‘UserProfile‘, verbose_name=‘销售顾问‘) memo = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=‘备注‘) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.qq class Meta: verbose_name = "客户信息表" #设置了这个,在admin中就可以显示中文,不过这个还会加上一个1个s verbose_name_plural = "客户信息表" #这个就不会加s class Tag(models.Model): ‘‘‘标签表,给客户打标签‘‘‘ name = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=32) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "标签表" class CustomerFollowUp(models.Model): ‘‘‘客户跟踪记录表‘‘‘ customer = models.ForeignKey(‘Customer‘) content = models.TextField(verbose_name=‘跟进内容‘) consultant = models.ForeignKey(‘UserProfile‘, verbose_name=‘跟进人‘) intention_choices = ((0, ‘2周内报名‘), (1, ‘1个月内报名‘), (2, ‘近期无报名计划‘), (3, ‘已在其他机构报名‘), (4, ‘已报名‘), (5, ‘已拉黑‘) ) intention = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=intention_choices) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return "<%s : %s>" % (self.customer.qq, self.intention) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "客户跟踪记录表" class Course(models.Model): ‘‘‘课程表,在这里与班级一对多,一个课程可以多个班,创建班级时,选择课程‘‘‘ name = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True) price = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name=‘课程价格‘) period = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name=‘周期(月)‘) outline = models.TextField(verbose_name=‘课程大纲‘) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "课程表" class Branch(models.Model): ‘‘‘校区‘‘‘ name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True) addr = models.CharField(max_length=128) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "校区" class ClassList(models.Model): ‘‘‘班级表‘‘‘ brance = models.ForeignKey(‘Branch‘, verbose_name=‘校区‘) course = models.ForeignKey(‘Course‘) class_type_choices = ((0, ‘面授(脱产)‘), (1, ‘面授(周末)‘), (2, ‘网络班‘), ) class_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=class_type_choices, verbose_name=‘班级类型‘) semester = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name=‘学期‘) teachers = models.ManyToManyField(‘UserProfile‘) start_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=‘开班日期‘) end_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=‘结业日期‘, blank=True, null=True) def __unicode__(self): return "%s %s %s" % (self.brance, self.course, self.semester) class Meta: unique_together = (‘brance‘, ‘course‘, ‘semester‘) verbose_name_plural = ‘班级表‘ class CourseRecord(models.Model): ‘‘‘上课记录(课时) 一个班级有多节课,一个课时会有多个学生记录,主要记录哪个老师上,上课时间...‘‘‘ from_class = models.ForeignKey("ClassList", verbose_name=‘班级‘) day_num = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name=‘第几节‘) teacher = models.ForeignKey(‘UserProfile‘) has_homework = models.BooleanField(default=True) homework_title = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=True, null=True) homework_content = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) outline = models.TextField(verbose_name=‘本节课程大纲‘) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return "%s %s" % (self.from_class, self.day_num) class Meta: unique_together = (‘from_class‘, ‘day_num‘) verbose_name_plural = ‘上课记录表‘ class StudyRecord(models.Model): ‘‘‘学习记录表‘‘‘ student = models.ForeignKey(‘Enrollment‘) course_record = models.ForeignKey(‘CourseRecord‘) attendance_choices = ((0, ‘已签到‘), (1, ‘迟到‘), (2, ‘缺勤‘), (3, ‘早退‘), ) attendance = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=attendance_choices, default=0) score_choices = ((100,‘A+‘), (90, ‘A‘), (85, ‘B+‘), (80, ‘B‘), (75, ‘B-‘), (70, ‘C+‘), (60, ‘C‘), (40, ‘C-‘), (-50, ‘D‘), (-100, ‘COPY‘), (0, ‘N/A‘), ) score = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=score_choices, default=0) memo = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=‘备注‘) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return "%s %s %s" % (self.student, self.course_record, self.score) class Meta: unique_together = (‘student‘,‘course_record‘) verbose_name_plural = "学习记录" class Enrollment(models.Model): ‘‘‘报名表,主要考虑一个客户可能报多个班‘‘‘ customer = models.ForeignKey(‘Customer‘) enrolled_class = models.ForeignKey(‘ClassList‘, verbose_name=‘所报班级‘) consultant = models.ForeignKey(‘UserProfile‘, verbose_name=‘课程顾问‘) contract_agreed = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=‘学员已同意合同‘) contract_approved = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=‘合同已审核‘) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return "%s %s" % (self.customer, self.enrolled_class) class Meta: unique_together = (‘customer‘, ‘enrolled_class‘) verbose_name_plural = ‘报名表‘ class Payment(models.Model): ‘‘‘缴费记录‘‘‘ customer = models.ForeignKey(‘Customer‘) course = models.ForeignKey("Course") amount = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name=‘数额‘, default=500) consultant = models.ForeignKey(‘UserProfile‘) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return ‘%s %s‘ % (self.customer, self.amount) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "缴费记录表" class UserProfile(models.Model): ‘‘‘账号表‘‘‘ user = models.ForeignKey(User) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) roles = models.ManyToManyField(‘Role‘, blank=True, null=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "账号表" class Role(models.Model): ‘‘‘角色表‘‘‘ name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "角色表"
涉及知识点:
- 表字段设计时,blank为True时,是对admin起作用,而null为True时,则是对数据库起作用
- verbose_name不仅在字段中起标记作用,还可以在Meta定义,在admin中是显示你定义的内容,其中verbose_name_plural会去掉s
- 在定义字段时,可以充分考虑使用场景,适时使用节省空间的字段类型,比如SmallIntegerField可以用在数字为选择项的时候,还有正数PositiveIntegerField
- 联合唯一索引 class Meta:unique_together = (‘x‘,‘y‘) x,y为字段名
- 时间自增 auto_now_add = True
- django 自带有一张用户常用的验证的表,可以直接继承使用 from django.contrib.auth.models import User 使用时,用外键关联(一对一和一对多都行)