三层交换配置及RIP动态路由

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三层交换vlan间通信

1.1 问题

VLAN实现了广播域的隔离，同时也将VLAN间的通信隔离了。三层交换技术使得VLAN间可以通信。

  • 通过三层交换实现VLAN间通信

1.2 方案

为了解决了传统路由器低速、复杂所造成的网络瓶颈问题，引入了三层交换技术。它根据实际应用时的情况，灵活地在网络第二层或者第三层进行网络分段。具有三层交换功能的设备是一个带有第三层路由功能的第二层交换机。

简单地说，三层交换技术就是：二层交换技术+三层转发技术。

三层交换实现的拓扑如图－1所示：

技术分享图片

图－1

1.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：在连接PC的交换机上划分3个VLAN，并按图－1把PC机加入相应VLAN

  1. tarenasw-3L (config)#vlan 2 //vlan1是默认VLAN，不需创建
  2. tarenasw-3L (config-vlan)#vlan 3
  3. tarenasw-3L (config-vlan)#exit
  4. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface f0/1
  5. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport mode access
  6. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport access vlan 1
  7. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#interface f0/2
  8. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport mode access
  9. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
  10. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#interface f0/3
  11. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport mode access
  12. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport access vlan 3

步骤二：查看划分完的VLAN信息

VLAN1是默认VLAN，不需单独创建，也不能改名。所有端口默认都在VLAN1中。

  1. tarenasw-2L#show vlan
  2. VLAN Name Status Ports
  3. ---- ----------------------- --------- ---------------------
  4. 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6
  5. Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10
  6. Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
  7. Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
  8. Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
  9. Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1, Gig1/2
  10. 2 vlan0002 active Fa0/2
  11. 3 vlan0003 active Fa0/3

步骤三：为vlan1、vlan2、vlan3分别设置管理IP并开启三层交换机路由功能

  1. tarenasw-3L #enable
  2. tarenasw-3L #configure terminal
  3. tarenasw-3L (config)#ip routing //开启三层交换机路由功能
  4. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface vlan 1
  5. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
  6. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#no shutdown
  7. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#exit
  8. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface vlan 2
  9. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
  10. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#no shutdown
  11. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#exit
  12. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface vlan 3
  13. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
  14. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#no shutdown

步骤四：给客户端配置IP地址并测试网络连通性如图-2图-3所示

技术分享图片

图-2

技术分享图片

图-3

在PC1三上测试网络连通性

  1. PC1>ping 192.168.3.1
  3. Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  5. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=128
  6. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
  7. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
  8. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=128
  10. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
  11. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  12. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  13. Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 4ms

2 案例2：多交换机vlan间通信

2.1 问题

三层交换机将接入层交换机汇聚到一起后还需实现了多交换机间不同VLAN的通信。

2.2 方案

三层交换机连接其他交换机的链路需配置为中继链路，三层交换机接口配置trunk模式需先封装,sw1规划vlan1、vlan2、vlan3，Sw2规划vlan4、vlan5并按图-4给相应vlan配置对应网段的IP。

网络的拓扑结构如图－4所示：

技术分享图片

图－4

2.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：配置三层交换机

1）三层交换机创建vlan并配置vlan的虚端口IP并开启路由功能

  1. Switch>enable
  2. Switch#configure terminal
  3. Switch(config)#vlan 2
  4. Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 3
  5. Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 4
  6. Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 5
  7. Switch(config)#interface vlan 1
  8. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
  9. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  10. Switch(config)#interface vlan 2
  11. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
  12. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  13. Switch(config)#interface vlan 3
  14. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
  15. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  16. Switch(config)#interface vlan 4
  17. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
  18. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  19. Switch(config)#interface vlan 5
  20. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.254 255.255.255.0
  21. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  22. Switch(config)#ip routing //开启路由功能

2）三层交换的Fa0/23、Fa0/24设置为中继链路模式

  1. Switch(config)#interface range f0/23-24
  2. Switch (config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
  3. Switch (config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

步骤二：配置二层交换机

1）Sw1创建vlan2、 vlan3并将端口加入vlan

  1. Sw1(config)#vlan 2
  2. Sw1(config-vlan)#vlan 3
  3. Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
  4. Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
  5. Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
  6. Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
  7. Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5
  8. Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //连接三层交换机的接口配置为trunk模式

2）Sw2创建vlan4、 vlan5并将端口加入vlan

  1. Sw2(config)#vlan 4
  2. Sw2(config-vlan)#vlan 5
  3. Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
  4. Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
  5. Sw2(config)#interface f0/2
  6. Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 5

步骤三：按图-4配置IP并测试网络的连通性

  1. PC>ipconfig
  2. FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
  3. Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::2D0:D3FF:FE2E:5D25
  4. IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1
  5. Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
  6. Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.254
  7. PC>ping 192.168.4.1
  8. Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  9. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  10. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  11. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  12. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  13. Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
  14. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  15. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  16. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
  17. PC>ping 192.168.5.1
  18. Pinging 192.168.5.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  19. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  20. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  21. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  22. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  23. Ping statistics for 192.168.5.1:
  24. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  25. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  26. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

3 案例3：三层交换配置路由

3.1 问题

三层交换机实现了VLAN间互通后，还要与其他网络进行通信，这样就需要有相关的路由机制。

  • 交换接口配置为三层接口实现路由间通信

3.2 方案

三层交换机既然具有三层功能，也就可以实现与路由器相似的配置。既可以把交换接口配置为三层接口，也可以在其上配置静态、动态路由。通过对三层交换机的路由配置，实现VLAN与其他网络的互通。

网络的拓扑结构如图－5所示：

技术分享图片

图－5

3.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：多交换机vlan通信与案例2完全一致，不再赘述

步骤二：将三层交换的Fa0/6口配置为三层路由端口，并配置IP地址

三层交换机的物理端口默认是二层端口，只具有二层特性，不能配置IP地址。把二层端口配置为三层端口后，该端口就具备路由功能了，可以配置IP地址，但同时也就关闭了其二层特性，比如不能把三层端口加入VLAN。

二层端口（交换机上的端口默认都是二层端口）默认是激活状态，那些没有使用到的端口为了安全应该手工将其禁用（shutdown）；而 三层端口（路由器上的端口或是三层交换机上被配置成路由端口的端口）默认是禁用状态，在使用之前务必要将其激活（no shutdown）。

  1. Switch(config)#interface f0/6
  2. Switch(config-if)#no switchport
  3. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0
  4. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

步骤三：配置路由器的端口IP地址

  1. Switch(config)#interface f0/0
  2. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0
  3. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  4. Switch(config-if)#interface f0/1
  5. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.7.254 255.255.255.0
  6. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

步骤四：在三层交换机上配置静态路由，以便VLAN内主机可以与外界网络互联

  1. Switch(config)#ip route 192.168.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.2
  2. Switch(config)#exit
  3. Switch#show ip route
  4. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  5. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  6. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  7. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  8. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  9. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  10. P - periodic downloaded static route
  12. Gateway of last resort is not set
  14. C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1
  15. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan2
  16. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan3
  17. C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan4
  18. C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan5
  19. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/6
  20. S 192.168.7.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.2

步骤五：在路由器上配置到达三个VLAN网络的静路由

  1. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  2. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  3. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  4. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  5. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  6. tarena-rouer(config)#exit
  7. tarena-rouer#show ip route
  8. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  9. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  10. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  11. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  12. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  13. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  14. P - periodic downloaded static route
  15. Gateway of last resort is not set
  16. S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  17. S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  18. S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  19. S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  20. S 192.168.5.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  21. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  22. C 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
  23. tarena-rouer#

步骤六：在PC上测试与VLAN的连通性

  1. PC>ipconfig
  2. FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
  3. Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE14:BB43
  4. IP Address......................: 192.168.7.1
  5. Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
  6. Default Gateway.................: 192.168.7.254
  7. SERVER>ping 192.168.1.1
  8. Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  9. Request timed out.
  10. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  11. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  12. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  13. Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
  14. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  15. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  16. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  17. SERVER>ping 192.168.2.10
  18. Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  19. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  20. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  21. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  22. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  23. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:
  24. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  25. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  26. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
  27. SERVER>ping 192.168.3.1
  28. Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  29. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  30. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  31. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  32. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  33. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
  34. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  35. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  36. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

4 案例4：RIP动态路由配置

4.1 问题

在相对较小而且结构不变的网络中，静态路由是很好的解决方案，它配置简单而且不过多消耗设备资源（动态路由协议在运行时要消耗路由器内部资源，在与其他路由器更新信息时又会消耗网络资源）。

然而在大型网络中，网络非常多，而且很有可能因为某些因素的影响，网络拓扑会有轻微变化。这时如果仍然采用静态路由就非常不方便了。

  • 通过RIP实现路由间通信

4.2 方案

动态路由协议配置灵活，路由器会发送自身的路由信息给其他路由器，同时也会接收其他路由器发来的路由信息建立自己的路由表。这样在路由 器上就不必像静态路由那样为每个目标地址都配置路由，因为路由器可以通过协议学习这些路由。网络拓扑改变，路由信息也会自动更新，无需管理员干预。

网络拓扑如图－6所示：

技术分享图片

图－6

4.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：按图-6配置路由接口IP分别（与以前路由配置接口IP方法一致不再赘述配置）

步骤二：在三台路由上配置RIP路由协议

  1. tarena-router1(config)#router rip
  2. tarena-router1(config-router)#version 2
  3. tarena-router1(config-router)#no auto-summary
  4. tarena-router1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
  5. tarena-router1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
  7. tarena-router2(config)#router rip
  8. tarena-router2(config-router)#version 2
  9. tarena-router2(config-router)#no auto-summary
  10. tarena-router2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
  11. tarena-router2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
  13. tarena-router3(config)#router rip
  14. tarena-router3(config-router)#version 2
  15. tarena-router3(config-router)#no auto-summary
  16. tarena-router3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
  17. tarena-router3(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0

步骤三：分别在三台路由器上查看路由表

注意以R开头的路由，这些路由表示通过RIP协议从其他运行RIP的路由器学习过来的路由。每条路由都写明了目标网络、下一跳IP地址以及从自己哪个端口发出去。

  1. tarena-router1#show ip route
  2. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  3. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  4. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  5. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  6. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  7. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  8. P - periodic downloaded static route
  10. Gateway of last resort is not set
  12. C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  13. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
  14. R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:26, FastEthernet0/1
  15. R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:26, FastEthernet0/1
  17. tarena-router2#show ip route
  18. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  19. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  20. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  21. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  22. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  23. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  24. P - periodic downloaded static route
  26. Gateway of last resort is not set
  28. R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/1
  29. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
  30. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  31. R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
  33. tarena-router3#show ip route
  34. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  35. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  36. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  37. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  38. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  39. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  40. P - periodic downloaded static route
  42. Gateway of last resort is not set
  44. R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
  45. R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
  46. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  47. C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

步骤四：在PC上测试到主机的通信

  1. PC>ping 192.168.4.1
  3. Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  5. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  6. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  7. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  8. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  10. Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
  11. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  12. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  13. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

5 案例5：三层交换配置RIP动态路由

5.1 问题

在三层交换机上配置RIP路由协议，以三层交换机代替路由器。

  • 通过RIP实现路由间通信

5.2 方案

动态路由协议配置灵活，路由器会发送自身的路由信息给其他路由器，同时也会接收其他路由器发来的路由信息建立自己的路由表。这样在路由 器上就不必像静态路由那样为每个目标地址都配置路由，因为路由器可以通过协议学习这些路由。网络拓扑改变，路由信息也会自动更新，无需管理员干预。

网络拓扑如图－7所示：

技术分享图片

图－7

5.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：VLAN以及端口配置与上面3三层交换配置路由完全一致，不再赘述配置

步骤二：将上面【案例3：在三层交换机与路由器上配置路由】中的静态路由删除

  1. tarenasw-3L (config)#no ip route 192.168.7.0 192.168.6.2
  2. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  3. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  4. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  5. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  6. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1

步骤三：分别在三层交换机和路由器上配置RIP路由协议

RIP路由协议在配置network时，只需要配置该路由器所直连的主类网络，不与该路由器直连的网络不需要包含在network中。

RIP默认工作在第一版本下，但是RIP-V1是有类路由协议，而且通过广播的方式进行路由更新，无论是功能上还是效率上都有一些缺陷，这些缺陷RIP-V2可以弥补。在使用时建议采用RIP-V2而不是RIP-V1。

  1. tarenasw-3L(config)#router rip
  2. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#version 2
  3. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#no auto-summary
  4. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
  5. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
  6. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
  7. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
  8. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0
  9. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.6.0
  10. tarena-router(config)#router rip
  11. tarena-router(config-router)#version 2
  12. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#no auto-summary
  13. tarena-router(config-router)#network 192.168.6.0
  14. tarena-router(config-router)#network 192.168.7.0

步骤四：分别在三层交换机和路由器上查看路由表

注意以R开头的路由，这些路由表示通过RIP协议从其他运行RIP的路由器学习过来的路由。每条路由都写明了目标网络、下一跳IP地址以及从自己哪个端口发出去。

  1. tarenasw-3L#show ip route
  2. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  3. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  4. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  5. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  6. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  7. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  8. P - periodic downloaded static route
  10. Gateway of last resort is not set
  12. C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1
  13. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan2
  14. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan3
  15. C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan4
  16. C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan5
  17. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/6
  18. R 192.168.7.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.2, 00:00:12, FastEthernet0/6 0
  20. Router#show ip route
  21. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  22. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  23. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  24. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  25. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  26. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  27. P - periodic downloaded static route
  29. Gateway of last resort is not set
  31. R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  32. R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  33. R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  34. R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  35. R 192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  36. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  37. C 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

步骤五：在PC上测试到五个VLAN中主机的通信

  1. PC>ipconfig
  2. FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
  3. Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE14:BB43
  4. IP Address......................: 192.168.7.1
  5. Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
  6. Default Gateway.................: 192.168.7.254
  7. SERVER>ping 192.168.1.1
  8. Pinging 192.168.1.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  9. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  10. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  11. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  12. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  13. Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
  14. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  15. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  16. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  17. PC >ping 192.168.2.10
  18. Pinging 192.168.2.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  19. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  20. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  21. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  22. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  23. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:
  24. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  25. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  26. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
  27. PC >ping 192.168.3.1
  28. Pinging 192.168.3.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  29. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  30. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  31. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  32. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  33. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
  34. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  35. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  36. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  37. PC >
  38. 31% /misc/nfsdir SERVER>ping 192.168.3.10
  39. Pinging 192.168.3.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  40. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  41. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  42. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  43. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  44. Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
  45. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  46. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  47. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  48. PC>
  49. 31% /misc/nfsdir
  50. SERVER>ping 192.168.5.1
  51. Pinging 192.168.5.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  52. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  53. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  54. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  55. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  56. Ping statistics for 192.168.5.1:
  57. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  58. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  59. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  60. 31% /misc/nfsdir

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