责任链模式定义:
将能够处理同一类请求的对象连成一条链,所提及的请求沿着链传递,链上的对象逐个判断是否有能力处理该请求,如果能则处理,如果不能则传递给链上的下一个对象。
责任链属于行为型模式的一种。行为型模式关注系统中对象之间的相互交互,研究系统在运行时对象之间的相互通信和协作,进一步明确对象的职责。
下面使用公司请假的例子来说明:
创建请假请求者
package com.note.pattern.responsibility; public class LeaveRequest { private String name; private int days; private String reason; public LeaveRequest(String name, int days, String reason) { super(); this.name = name; this.days = days; this.reason = reason; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getDays() { return days; } public void setDays(int days) { this.days = days; } public String getReason() { return reason; } public void setReason(String reason) { this.reason = reason; } }
创建Leader抽象类与不同级别的Leader作为实现子类,负责接收请假请求:
package com.note.pattern.responsibility; public abstract class Leader { protected String name; protected Leader nextLeader; //责任链上的后继对象 public Leader(String name) { this.name = name; } //设定责任链上的后继对象 public void setNextLeader(Leader leader) { nextLeader = leader; } /** * 处理请求的核心的业务方法 * @param request */ public abstract void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request); } /*** * 主任 */ class Director extends Leader { public Director(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) { if(request.getDays() < 3) { System.out.println("员工:"+request.getName()+"请假,天数:"+request.getDays()+",理由:"+request.getReason()); System.out.println("主任:"+this.name+",审批通过!"); }else { nextLeader.handleRequest(request); } } } /** * 经理 */ class Manager extends Leader { public Manager(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) { if(request.getDays() < 10) { System.out.println("员工:"+request.getName()+"请假,天数:"+request.getDays()+",理由:"+request.getReason()); System.out.println("经理:"+this.name+",审批通过!"); }else { nextLeader.handleRequest(request); } } } /** * 总经理 */ class GeneralManager extends Leader { public GeneralManager(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) { if(request.getDays() < 30) { System.out.println("员工:"+request.getName()+"请假,天数:"+request.getDays()+",理由:"+request.getReason()); System.out.println("总经理:"+this.name+",审批通过!"); }else { System.out.println("莫非"+request.getName()+"想辞职,居然请假"+request.getDays()+"天!"); } } }
package com.note.pattern.responsibility; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { Leader a = new Director("张三"); Leader b = new Manager("李四"); a.setNextLeader(b); Leader c = new GeneralManager("王五"); b.setNextLeader(c); //开始请假操作 LeaveRequest req1 = new LeaveRequest("TOM", 25, "回英国老家探亲!"); a.handleRequest(req1); } }
责任链模式在开发中的应用场景:
Java中异常机制就是一种责任链模式。一个try可以对应多个catch,当第一个catch不匹配类型,则自动跳到第二个catch;
javascript中事件的冒泡和捕获机制;
Servlet开发中过滤器的链式处理;
Struts2中拦截器的调用;