简介
WTForms是一个支持多个web框架的form组件，主要用于对用户请求数据进行验证。
安装：
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pip3 install wtforms |
用户登录注册示例
1.用户登录
当用户登录时候，需要对用户提交的用户名和密码进行多种格式校验。如：
用户不能为空；用户长度必须大于6；
密码不能为空；密码长度必须大于12；密码必须包含 字母、数字、特殊字符等（自定义正则）；
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect from wtforms.fields import core from wtforms.fields import html5 from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import Form from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates") class Myvalidators(object): \'\'\'自定义验证规则\'\'\' def __init__(self,message): self.message = message def __call__(self, form, field): print(field.data,"用户输入的信息") if field.data == "haiyan": return None raise validators.ValidationError(self.message) class LoginForm(Form): \'\'\'Form\'\'\' name = simple.StringField( label="用户名", widget=widgets.TextInput(), validators=[ Myvalidators(message="用户名必须是haiyan"),#也可以自定义正则 validators.DataRequired(message="用户名不能为空"), validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="用户名长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d") ], render_kw={"class":"form-control"} #设置属性 ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label="密码", validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空"), validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="密码长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d"), validators.Regexp(regex="\\d+",message="密码必须是数字"), ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={"class":"form-control"} ) @app.route(\'/login\',methods=["GET","POST"]) def login(): if request.method =="GET": form = LoginForm() return render_template("login.html",form=form) else: form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print("用户提交的数据用过格式验证，值为：%s"%form.data) return "登录成功" else: print(form.errors,"错误信息") return render_template("login.html",form=form) if __name__ == \'__main__\': # app.__call__() app.run(debug=True)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录</h1> <form method="post"> <!--<input type="text" name="name">--> <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p> <!--<input type="password" name="pwd">--> <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
2. 用户注册
注册页面需要让用户输入：用户名、密码、密码重复、性别、爱好等。
from flask import Flask,render_template,redirect,request from wtforms import Form from wtforms.fields import core from wtforms.fields import html5 from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates") app.debug = True =======================simple=========================== class RegisterForm(Form): name = simple.StringField( label="用户名", validators=[ validators.DataRequired() ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), render_kw={"class":"form-control"}, default="haiyan" ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label="密码", validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空") ] ) pwd_confim = simple.PasswordField( label="重复密码", validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message=\'重复密码不能为空.\'), validators.EqualTo(\'pwd\',message="两次密码不一致") ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={\'class\': \'form-control\'} ) ========================html5============================ email = html5.EmailField( #注意这里用的是html5.EmailField label=\'邮箱\', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message=\'邮箱不能为空.\'), validators.Email(message=\'邮箱格式错误\') ], widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type=\'email\'), render_kw={\'class\': \'form-control\'} ) ===================以下是用core来调用的======================= gender = core.RadioField( label="性别", choices=( (1,"男"), (1,"女"), ), coerce=int #限制是int类型的 ) city = core.SelectField( label="城市", choices=( ("bj","北京"), ("sh","上海"), ) ) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField( label=\'爱好\', choices=( (1, \'篮球\'), (2, \'足球\'), ), coerce=int ) favor = core.SelectMultipleField( label="喜好", choices=( (1, \'篮球\'), (2, \'足球\'), ), widget = widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False), option_widget = widgets.CheckboxInput(), coerce = int, default = [1, 2] ) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): #这里的self是一个RegisterForm对象 \'\'\'重写__init__方法\'\'\' super(RegisterForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) #继承父类的init方法 self.favor.choices =((1, \'篮球\'), (2, \'足球\'), (3, \'羽毛球\')) #把RegisterForm这个类里面的favor重新赋值 def validate_pwd_confim(self,field,): \'\'\' 自定义pwd_config字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致 :param field: :return: \'\'\' # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值 if field.data != self.data[\'pwd\']: # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证 raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证 @app.route(\'/register\',methods=["GET","POST"]) def register(): if request.method=="GET": form = RegisterForm(data={\'gender\': 1}) #默认是1, return render_template("register.html",form=form) else: form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): #判断是否验证成功 print(\'用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：\', form.data) #所有的正确信息 else: print(form.errors) #所有的错误信息 return render_template(\'register.html\', form=form) if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run()
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户注册</h1> <form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px"> {% for item in form %} <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
示例下载：点击这里
3. meta
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, session from wtforms import Form from wtforms.csrf.core import CSRF from wtforms.fields import core from wtforms.fields import html5 from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets from hashlib import md5 app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=\'templates\') app.debug = True class MyCSRF(CSRF): """ Generate a CSRF token based on the user\'s IP. I am probably not very secure, so don\'t use me. """ def setup_form(self, form): self.csrf_context = form.meta.csrf_context() self.csrf_secret = form.meta.csrf_secret return super(MyCSRF, self).setup_form(form) def generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_token): gid = self.csrf_secret + self.csrf_context token = md5(gid.encode(\'utf-8\')).hexdigest() return token def validate_csrf_token(self, form, field): print(field.data, field.current_token) if field.data != field.current_token: raise ValueError(\'Invalid CSRF\') class TestForm(Form): name = html5.EmailField(label=\'用户名\') pwd = simple.StringField(label=\'密码\') class Meta: # -- CSRF # 是否自动生成CSRF标签 csrf = True # 生成CSRF标签name csrf_field_name = \'csrf_token\' # 自动生成标签的值，加密用的csrf_secret csrf_secret = \'xxxxxx\' # 自动生成标签的值，加密用的csrf_context csrf_context = lambda x: request.url # 生成和比较csrf标签 csrf_class = MyCSRF # -- i18n # 是否支持本地化 # locales = False locales = (\'zh\', \'en\') # 是否对本地化进行缓存 cache_translations = True # 保存本地化缓存信息的字段 translations_cache = {} @app.route(\'/index/\', methods=[\'GET\', \'POST\']) def index(): if request.method == \'GET\': form = TestForm() else: form = TestForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print(form) return render_template(\'index.html\', form=form) if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run()
其他：
1. metaclass
class MyType(type): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): print(\'MyType创建类\',self) super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): obj = super(MyType, self).__call__(*args, **kwargs) print(\'类创建对象\', self, obj) return obj class Foo(object,metaclass=MyType): user = \'hc\' age = 18 obj = Foo()
class MyType(type): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): v = dir(cls) obj = super(MyType, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) return obj class Foo(MyType(\'MyType\', (object,), {})): user = \'hc\' age = 18 obj = Foo()
class MyType(type): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): v = dir(cls) obj = super(MyType, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) return obj def with_metaclass(arg,base): return MyType(\'MyType\', (base,), {}) class Foo(with_metaclass(MyType,object)): user = \'hc\' age = 18 obj = Foo()
flask中的wtforms使用