Node 系列之url模块

Posted 2020-10-20 苍青浪

引入 url:

   const url = require("url");

用于URL解析、处理等操作的解决方案

1.url.parse(urlStr[, parseQueryString][, slashesDenoteHost])

将url字符串转换成object对象

/**
 * urlStr:需要处理的url字符串
 * parseQueryString： 是否将查询参数也解析成对象
 *   为true时将使用查询模块分析查询字符串，默认为false
 * slashesDenoteHost: 解析主机处理，双斜线表示主机
 *  默认为false，//foo/bar 形式的字符串将被解释成 { pathname: ‘//foo/bar‘ }
 *  如果设置成true，//foo/bar 形式的字符串将被解释成  { host: ‘foo‘, pathname: ‘/bar‘ }
 */

实例1，仅指定url字符解析成对象

 

var url=require(‘url‘);  
var url1=‘http://calc.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18#one#two‘;  
var result=url.parse(url1);  
 { 
	protocol: ‘http:‘,    //使用协议  
    slashes: true,        //  
	auth: null,           // 验证信息  
	host: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘, //全小写的主机部分的URL，包括端口信息。  
	port: null,                //端口  
	hostname: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘,//小写的主机部分的主机  
	hash: ‘#one#two‘,             //页面锚点参数部分  
	search: ‘?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,//查询参数部分，带？  
	query: ‘name=zhangsan&age=18‘,  //查询参数部分  
	pathname: ‘/byte/‘,             //目录部分  
	path: ‘/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,//目录+参数部分  
    href: ‘http://calc.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18#one#two‘  //最初解析的完整的网址。双方的协议和主机是小写。  
 }   

 

实例2 ，指定是否解析参数部分成对象

//参数解析  
var result2=url.parse(url1,true);  
	 { protocol: ‘http:‘,  
	  slashes: true,  
      auth: null,  
      host: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘,  
      port: null,  
	  hostname: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘,  
	  hash: ‘#one#two‘,  
      search: ‘?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,  
      query: { name: ‘zhangsan‘, age: ‘18‘ }, //页面参数部分，已经解析成对象了  
      pathname: ‘/byte/‘,  
      path: ‘/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,  
      href: ‘http://calc.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18#one#two‘ }  

 

实例3，主机特殊解析

//双斜线表示主机  
	var url2=‘//www.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan#one‘;  
	 { 
	  protocol: null,  
	  slashes: true,  
      auth: null,  
	  host: ‘www.gongjuji.net‘,  
	  port: null,  
	  hostname: ‘www.gongjuji.net‘,  
      hash: ‘#one‘,  
	  search: ‘?name=zhangsan‘,  
	  query: { name: ‘zhangsan‘ },  
	  pathname: ‘/byte/‘,  
	  path: ‘/byte/?name=zhangsan‘,  
	  href: ‘//www.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan#one‘ 
	 }  
	  var result3=url.parse(url2,true,true);  
      console.info(result3);  

 

2.url.format(urlObj)  将json对象格式化成字符串

var url=require(‘url‘);  
var obj1={ 
  protocol: ‘http:‘,      
  slashes: true,         
  auth: null,           
  host: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘,   
  port: null,                 
  hostname: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘,  
  hash: ‘#one#two‘,              
  search: ‘?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,  
  query: ‘name=zhangsan&age=18‘,    
  pathname: ‘/byte/‘,              
  path: ‘/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,  
  href: ‘http://calc.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18#one#two‘   
};  
var url1=url.format(obj1);  
console.log(url1);//http://calc.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18#one#two  



//请求参数为为json对象  
var obj2={ 
	protocol: ‘http:‘,  
	slashes: true,  
	auth: null,  
	host: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘,  
	port: null,  
	hostname: ‘calc.gongjuji.net‘,  
	hash: ‘#one#two‘,  
	search: ‘?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,  
	query: { name: ‘zhangsan‘, age: ‘18‘ }, //页面参数部分，已经解析成对象了  
	pathname: ‘/byte/‘,  
	path: ‘/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18‘,  
	href: ‘http://calc.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18#one#two‘ 
   };  

var url2=url.format(obj2);  
console.log(url2); //http://calc.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan&age=18#one#two  

//缺少参数的情况  
var obj3={ 
	protocol: null,  
	slashes: true,  
	auth: null,  
	host: ‘www.gongjuji.net‘,  
	port: null,  
	hostname: ‘www.gongjuji.net‘,  
	hash: ‘#one‘,  
	search: ‘?name=zhangsan‘,  
	query: { name: ‘zhangsan‘ },  
	pathname: ‘/byte/‘,  
	path: ‘/byte/?name=zhangsan‘,  
	href: ‘//www.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan#one‘ };  

var url3=url.format(obj3);  
console.log(url3);//www.gongjuji.net/byte/?name=zhangsan#one  

 

3.url.resolve(from, to)  

 

返回从根目录指定到当前目录的绝对路径url
1.返回结果去除了参数和锚点
2.返回结果标准url路径格式

var url=require(‘url‘); 
 
//指定相对路径  
var url1=url.resolve(‘http://www.gongjuji.net/one/two/three‘,‘four‘);  
console.log(url1); //http://www.gongjuji.net/one/two/four  

//指定根目录的相对路径  
var url3=url.resolve(‘http://www.gongjuji.net/one/two/three‘,‘/four‘);  
console.log(url3); //http://www.gongjuji.net/four  

//带参数的相对路径  
var url2=url.resolve(‘http://www.gongjuji.net/one/two/three?name=zhangsan‘,‘four‘);  
console.log(url2); //http://www.gongjuji.net/one/two/four  

//非标准分隔符的原路径  
var url4=url.resolve(‘http://www.gongjuji.net\\one#name1‘,‘/four‘);  
console.log(url4);//http://www.gongjuji.net/four  

//非标准分隔符的相对路径  
var url5=url.resolve(‘http://www.gongjuji.net/one‘,‘\\two\\three‘);  
console.log(url5);//http://www.gongjuji.net/two/three