LNMP架构搭建（基础入门级）

Posted 2020-10-20

LNMP架构介绍

LNMP = Linux + Ningx + mysql + php

由nginx取代apache，提供web服务；

PHP作为一个独立服务存在而非apache的一个模块，这个服务为php-fpm；

Nginx直接处理静态请求，动态请求会转发给php-fpm。

Nginx在处理静态文件的速率较Apache要快的多，这时两者的底层设计所决定的。同时Nginx可以处理的并发访问量也较Apache要大的多，毕竟Apache创建之初并没有考虑到当今的高并发访问量的规模会如此之大。Apache采用的是多进程的方式，对内存的要求会较高，而且有限制；Nginx采用多线程的方式，在内存消耗方面要比Apache好的多。

Mysql的安装

由于mysql的二进制源码包的安装较复杂，这里使用的是预编译版本的

1. 解压并移动mysql预编译压缩包

[[email protected] src]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 
[[email protected] src]# mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

2 创建用户及数据目录

[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# mkdir /data

3.安装依赖包

[[email protected] mysql]#  yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper libaio-devel

4.初始化数据库

[[email protected] mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
"修改[mysqld]内的2行即可
 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
 datadir = /data/mysql
保存退出"

5.修改启动脚本

[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld 
"同样要修改一下参数
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql"

6.设置开机启动

[[email protected] mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[[email protected] mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

7.启动mysql，验证是否安装成功

[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[[email protected] mysql]# ps aux | grep mysqld

PHP的安装

1. 解压压缩包

   [[email protected] src]# tar zxvf php-5.6.30.tar.gz
   [[email protected] src]# cd php-5.6.30

2. 创建用户php-fpm

   [[email protected] src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

3. 安装依赖包

   [[email protected] php-5.6.30]# yum install -y epel-release
   [[email protected] php-5.6.30]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ libxml2-devel openssl-devel libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel

4. 编译安装

   [[email protected] php-5.6.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl  --with-openssl
   [[email protected] php-5.6.30]# make && make install

php7版本已经取消--with-mysql参数，编译安装时该参数不写，写了会报错，但不影响安装

5.修改配置文件

[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# cd  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc
[[email protected] etc]# vi php-fpm.conf
[[email protected] etc]# cat php-fpm.conf
[global] # 定义全局参数
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www] # 模块名
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock  # 监听socket
#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.mode = 666 # 监听是socket才会生效
user = php-fpm  # 定义用户
group = php-fpm # 定义组
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

6.设置启动脚本，并设置开机启动

启动脚本模板文件在/usr/local/src/php-5.6.30/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm

[[email protected] etc]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.30
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --level 345 php-fpm on

7.启动php-fpm服务

[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done

Nginx的安装

这里只写出了最基础的nginx源码安装方式，我们可以根据需要在后期加上需要的参数再次编译（例如支持HTTPS的http_ssl_module模块，再次编译时加上--with-http_ssl_module参数），需要注意的是再次安装时用户自定义的虚拟主机配置文件可能丢失，最好进行备份。

1.下载并解压

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[[email protected] src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

2.编译、安装

[[email protected] src]# cd nginx-1.12.2
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[[email protected] src]# make && make install

3. 创建自定义启动脚本

   [[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
   #!/bin/bash
   # chkconfig: - 30 21
   # description: http service.
   # Source Function Library
   . /etc/init.d/functions
   # Nginx Settings
   NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
   NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
   NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
   RETVAL=0
   prog="Nginx"
   start() 
   {
   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
   mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
   daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   return $RETVAL
   }
   stop() 
   {
   echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
   killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
   rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   return $RETVAL
   }
   reload()
   {
   echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
   killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   return $RETVAL
   }
   restart()
   {
   stop
   start
   }
   configtest()
   {
   $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
   return 0
   }
   case "$1" in
   start)
       start
       ;;
   stop)
       stop
       ;;
   reload)
       reload
       ;;
   restart)
       restart
       ;;
   configtest)
       configtest
       ;;
   *)
       echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
       RETVAL=1
   esac
   exit $RETVAL

   4.更改配置文件权限并开机启动

   [[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx 
   [[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx
   [[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig nginx on

   如果无法直接使用nginx命令，则表示/etc/init.d不在PATH变量内，可以通过修改/etc/profile来添加;