期末作品检查
Posted 李海力
tags:
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1.超文本标记语言，标准通用标记语言下的一个应用，在网站网址广泛应用。本学期我我学习了管理信息系统这门课程，对WEB网站前端后端有了一概念性的认识，并在老师的指导和同学的帮助下，利用Python+Flask+mysql技术尝试搭建了自己的小网页，并在这个过程中学习了html语言，同时也更加清楚的认识到自己知识的浅薄，这门课程激发了自己对于网页设计的兴趣，使得对网页的理解不仅仅停留在使用的层次，而是解开了神秘面纱，认清了其实是人人能学并能学好的一门技术，在今后的学习中，会更加认真对待，实现更多的功能。这次制作的网页暂时只有登录注册，发布问答评论，个人中心的功能，期待今后实现更多。
2.界面与程序及数据库连接
import os
SECRET_KEY = os.urandom(24)
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = \'mysql+pymysql://root:123456@localhost:3306/mis_db?charset=utf8\'
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
2.1.加载静态文件,父模板的继承和扩展
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>{% block title %}Base{% endblock %}</title> <link href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'CSS/base.css\') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'JScript/base.js\') }}"></script> {% block head %}{% endblock %} </head> <body id="mybody" background="../static/image/beijing.jpg"> <nav class="meue" > <div style="float: left;"> <img src=" {{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'image/smail.PNG\') }}" weight="50" height="50"> </div> <div style="line-height:480%;"> <img id="on_off" src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'image/on1.PNG\') }}" onclick="MySwitch()" width="30px" > </div> <div > {% if username %} <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id =session.get(\'id\'),tag=1) }}" style="font-weight: 600">{{ username }}</a> <a href="{{ url_for(\'logout\') }}">登出</a> {% else %} <a href="{{ url_for(\'login\') }}">登录</a> <a href="{{ url_for(\'regist\') }}">注册</a> {% endif %} </div> <div style="line-height:340%;">|</div> <div class="search"> <form action="{{ url_for(\'search\') }}" method="get"> <input name="q" type="text" name="search" style="width:300px;"> <button type="submit" ><img src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'image/search.png\') }}" width="14" height="14"></button> </form> </div> <div> <a href="{{ url_for(\'home\') }}">首页</a> <a href="{{ url_for(\'question\') }}">问答</a> <a href="http://photo.sina.com.cn/">图片</a> <a href="http://www.iqiyi.com/">视频</a> <a href="https://www.zhihu.com/explore">发现</a> </div> </nav> {% block main %}{% endblock %} <footer class="copyright"> <a>版权开发：lihaili</a> </footer> </body> </html>
2.2首页，登录界面，注册界面及其html，代码
{% extends \'base.html\' %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block head %}#首页 <link href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'CSS/home.css\') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div align="center"> <ul> <img class="view" src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'image/note.png\') }}"> {% for foo in questions %} <li> <div class="content"> <div class="author"> <img src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'image/boy.png\') }}"> <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id=foo.author_id,tag=1) }}">{{ foo.author.username }}</a> <span>{{ foo.creat_time }}</span> <p class="comp">[{{ foo.comments|length }}]</p> <img class="com" src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'image/comment.png\') }}"> </div> <br> <a class="title" href="{{ url_for(\'detail\',question_id=foo.id) }}">{{ foo.title }}</a><br> <p>{{ foo.detail }}</p> </div> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> </div> {% endblock %}
{% extends \'base.html\' %} {% block title %}Login{% endblock %} {% block head %} <link href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'CSS/login.css\') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'JScript/login.js\') }}"></script> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div class="login"> <form action="{{ url_for(\'login\') }}" method="post"> <div class="login-top"> <h1>登录</h1> <input id="uname" name="username" type="text" value="Username" onfocus="this.value = \'\';" onblur="if (this.value==\'\'){ this.value = \'Username\';}"> <input id="upass" name="password" type="password" value="Password" onfocus="this.value = \'\';" onblur="if (this.value==\'\'){ this.value = \'Password\';}"> <div class="forgot"> <input type="checkbox"><p>记住账号</p> </div> </div> <div class="login-bottom"> <div id="errorbox"></div><button onclick="return MyLogin()" value="登录">Enter</button> </div> </form> </div> {% endblock %}
{% extends \'base.html\' %} {% block title %}Register{% endblock %} {% block head %} <link href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'CSS/regist.css\') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'JScript/regist.js\') }}"></script> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div class="login"> <form action="{{ url_for(\'regist\') }}" method="post"> <div class="login-top"> <h1>注册信息</h1> <input id="uname" name="username" type="text" value="Username" onfocus="this.value = \'\';" onblur="if (this.value==\'\'){ this.value = \'Username\';}"> <input id="fpass" name="password" type="password" value="Password" onfocus="this.value = \'\';" onblur="if (this.value==\'\'){ this.value = \'Password\';}"> <input id="spass" type="password" value="Password" onfocus="this.value = \'\';" onblur="if (this.value==\'\'){ this.value = \'Password\';}"> </div> <div class="login-bottom"> <div id="errorbox"></div><button onclick="return MyRegister()">注册</button> </div> </form> </div> {% endblock %}
2.3个人中心
{% extends \'base.html\' %} {% block title %}Center{% endblock %} {% block head %} <link href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'CSS/center.css\') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div class="center" > <h2><a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id=user.id,tag=1) }}"> {{ user.username }}</a></h2> <ul class="base"> <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id=user.id,tag=\'1\') }}">所有提问</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id=user.id,tag=\'2\') }}">所有评论</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id=user.id,tag=\'3\') }}">个人信息</a></li> </ul> {% block usercenter %}{% endblock %} </div> {% endblock %}
2.4发布问答，评论
{% extends \'base.html\' %} {% block title %}Question{% endblock %} {% block head %} <link href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'CSS/question.css\') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div class="question"> <h3>发布问答</h3> <form action="{{ url_for(\'question\') }}" method="post"> <div > <br> <label for="ask" align="center">标题</label> <br> <input name="title" type="text" style="height: 22px;" id="questionTitle" placeholder="这里输入短标题"></input> </div> <br> <div> <label for="questionDetail" align="center">详情</label> <br> <textarea name="detail" rows="8" id="questionDetail" placeholder="说点什么吧....."></textarea> </div> <input type="checkbox"><p>同意《用户发布问答准则》</p> <br> <button type="submit" class="btn-default">发布</button> </form> </div> {% endblock %}
{% extends \'base.html\' %} {% block title %}Detail{% endblock %} {% block head %} <link href="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'CSS/detail.css\') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> {% endblock %} {% block main %} <div class="detail"> <h2>{{ question.title }}</h2> <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id=question.author_id,tag=1) }}">{{ question.author.username }}</a> <span>{{ question.creat_time }}</span> <div class="p"> <p>{{ question.detail }}</p> </div> <form action="{{ url_for(\'comment\') }}" method="post"> <textarea name="detail" rows="5"></textarea><br> <button >发送</button> <input name="question_id" type="hidden" value="{{ question.id }}"> </form> <br> <ul> <p style="font-weight: 600;font-size: 16.5px">评论[{{ question.comments|length }}]</p> <div> {% for foo in question.comments %} <li> <img src="{{ url_for(\'static\',filename=\'image/xiaolian.png\') }}"> <a href="{{ url_for(\'usercenter1\',user_id=foo.author_id,tag=1) }}">{{ foo.author.username }}</a> <span>{{ foo.creat_time }}</span><br> <p>{{ foo.detail }}</p> </li> {% endfor %} </div> </ul> </div> {% endblock %}
3.主py代码
主PY文件写视图函数，带id参数。 首页标题的标签做带参数的链接，在详情页将数据的显示在恰当的位置。建立评论的对象关系映射，尝试实现发布评论。
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect,url_for,session from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy import config from functools import wraps from datetime import datetime from sqlalchemy import or_,and_ from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash,check_password_hash app = Flask(__name__) app.config.from_object(config) db=SQLAlchemy(app) class User(db.Model): __tablename__ = \'user\' id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) username = db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False) _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False) #内部使用 @property def password(self): return self._password @password.setter def password(self, row_password): self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password) def check_password(self, row_password): result = check_password_hash(self._password, row_password) return result class Question(db.Model): __tablename__=\'question\' id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) title=db.Column(db.String(100),nullable=False) detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False) creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now) author_id=db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey(\'user.id\')) author = db.relationship(\'User\', backref=db.backref(\'question\')) class Comment(db.Model): __tablename__=\'comment\' id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) author_id=db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey(\'user.id\')) question_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(\'question.id\')) detail=db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False) creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now) question = db.relationship(\'Question\', backref=db.backref(\'comments\',order_by=creat_time.desc)) author = db.relationship(\'User\', backref=db.backref(\'comments\')) db.create_all() @app.route(\'/\') def home(): context={ \'questions\': Question.query.order_by(\'-creat_time\').all() } return render_template(\'home.html\',**context) @app.route(\'/detail/<question_id>\') def detail(question_id): question=Question.query.filter(Question.id==question_id).first() return render_template(\'detail.html\',question=question) # 登录装饰器 def loginFirst(func): @wraps(func) def wrapper(*args,**kwargs): if session.get(\'user\'): return func(*args,**kwargs) else: return redirect(url_for(\'login\')) return wrapper @app.route(\'/comment/\',methods=[\'POST\']) @loginFirst def comment(): detail=request.form.get(\'detail\') author_id = User.query.filter(User.username == session.get(\'user\')).first().id question_id = request.form.get(\'question_id\') comment = Comment(author_id=author_id,question_id=question_id,detail=detail) db.session.add(comment) # 保存到数据库 db.session.commit() # 提交 return redirect(url_for(\'detail\',question_id=question_id)) @app.route(\'/usercenter/<user_id>/<tag>\') @loginFirst def usercenter1(user_id,tag): user=User.query.filter(User.id==user_id).first() context={ \'user\':user } if tag==\'1\': return render_template(\'userques.html\',**context) elif tag==\'2\': return render_template(\'usercom.html\', **context) else: return render_template(\'userinfo.html\', **context) # @app.route(\'/usercenter/<user_id>\') # @loginFirst # def usercenter2(user_id): # user = User.query.filter(User.id == user_id).first() # context = { # \'user\': user # } # return render_template(\'center_two.html\', **context) # 显示登录的用户名 @app.context_processor def mycontext(): usern=session.get(\'user\') if usern: return {\'username\':usern} else: return {} @app.route(\'/login/\',methods=[\'GET\',\'POST\']) def login(): if request.method==\'GET\': return render_template(\'login.html\') else: username = request.form.get(\'username\') password = request.form.get(\'password\') user = User.query.filter(User.username==username).first() if user: if user.check_password(password): session[\'user\'] = username session[\'id\'] = user.id session.permanent = True return redirect(url_for(\'home\')) else: return \'Password error\' else: return \'Username inexistent\' @app.route(\'/logout/\') def logout(): session.clear() return redirect(url_for(\'login\')) @app.route(\'/regist/\',methods=[\'GET\',\'POST\']) def regist(): if request.method == \'GET\': return render_template("regist.html") else : username = request.form.get(\'username\') password = request.form.get(\'password\') user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first() if user: return \'Username existed\' else: user1 = User(username=username, password=password) db.session.add(user1) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for(\'login\')) @app.route(\'/question/\',methods=[\'GET\',\'POST\']) @loginFirst def question(): if request.method == \'GET\': return render_template(\'question.html\') else: title = request.form.get(\'title\') detail = request.form.get(\'detail\') user=User.query.filter(User.username == session.get(\'user\')).first() author_id = user.id question = Question.query.filter(Question.title == title).first() if question: return \'Question existed\' else: question1 = Question(title=title, detail=detail, author_id=author_id) question1.author = user db.session.add(question1) # 保存到数据库 db.session.commit() # 提交 return redirect(url_for(\'home\')) @app.route(\'/search/\') @loginFirst def search(): que=request.args.get(\'q\') ques=Question.query.filter( or_( Question.title.contains(que), Question.detail.contains(que), ) ).order_by(\'-creat_time\') return render_template(\'home.html\',questions=ques) if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
实现登录后更新导航：用上下文处理器app_context_processor定义函数，获取session中保存的值，返回字典。在
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