个人博客系统！！！
Posted 不要被骄傲遮蔽了双眼
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项目代码：https://github.com/venicid/Project1--Bloger
1.准备工作
1.创建project
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> django-admin startproject bloger
2 创建app
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py startapp firstapp
3 setting添加app
INSTALLED_APPS = [ \'django.contrib.admin\', \'django.contrib.auth\', \'django.contrib.contenttypes\', \'django.contrib.sessions\', \'django.contrib.messages\', \'django.contrib.staticfiles\', \'firstapp\', ]
4 更新数据库表
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py migrate
5 运行runserver
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py runserver
6 创建超级管理员
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py createsuperuser Username (leave blank to use \'administrator\'): adminuser Email address: Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully.
2.博客主页
1 Model层：
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Article(models.Model): """博客内容字段""" title = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=300) #文章标题 content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) #文章内容 def __str__(self): return self.title
admin 注册
from django.contrib import admin from firstapp.models import Article # Register your models here. admin.site.register(Article)
合并数据库
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py makemigrations Migrations for \'firstapp\': 0001_initial.py: - Create model Article PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py migrate
runserver
添加数据
2 View层
1 获取Article表的所有数据 article_list = Article.objects.all()
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect from firstapp.models import Article # Create your views here. def index(request): """主页视图""" context = {} article_list = Article.objects.all() # 获取Article表的所有数据 context[\'article_list\'] = article_list return render(request, \'index.html\', context)
3 T层
1 导入静态文件，页面
2 setting设置
TEMPLATES = [ { \'BACKEND\': \'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates\', \'DIRS\': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,\'templates\').replace(\'\\\\\',\'/\')],
{% load staticfiles %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static \'css/semantic.css\' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static \'css/list_custom.css\' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<img src="{% static \'images/tenlogo.png\' %}" alt="">
3 渲染目标语言
{% for article in article_list %}
<div class="column">
<a class="ui fluid card" href="#detail/215">
<div class="image">
<img src="{% static \'images/img1.jpg\' %}" alt="" style="height:200px;object-fit: cover;">
</div>
</a>
<div class="title header" href="/detail/215">{{ article.title }}</div>
<i class="icon grey unhide"></i>
<span style="color:#bbbbbb">10K</span>
<span class="" style="color:rgb(226, 226, 226)">|</span>
<i class="icon grey checkmark"></i>
<span style="color:#bbbbbb"> 10 people got it</span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
4 配置 url
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from firstapp.views import index urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls), url(r\'^index/\', index, name=\'index\'), ]
5 过滤器
{{ article.content|truncatechars:150 }} #过滤器：100个字符
3 文章分类
1 M层
1 tag标签
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Article(models.Model): """博客内容字段""" title = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=300) #文章标题 content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) #文章内容 TAG_CHOICES = ( (\'cry\',\'悬疑类型\'), (\'ai\',\'科幻类型\'), (\'life\',\'生活类型\') ) tag = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=5, choices=TAG_CHOICES) def __str__(self): return self.title
2 数据库注册，合并数据
3 admin后台
2 View层
def index(request):
"""主页视图"""
queryset = request.GET.get(\'tag\')
if queryset:
article_list = Article.objects.filter(tag=queryset) #过滤器
else:
article_list = Article.objects.all() # 获取Article表的所有数据
context = {}
context[\'article_list\'] = article_list
return render(request, \'index.html\', context)
3 T 层
<a class="item" href="{% url \'index\' %}">全部</a>
<a class="active item" href="?tag=cry">悬疑</a>
<div class="ui container nav"> <div class="ui text four item menu "> <a class="item" href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/">全部</a> <a class="item" href="?tag=ai">AI</a> <a class="item" href="?tag=linux">Linux</a> <a class="item" href="?tag=python">Python</a> </div> </div>
<div class="ui mini tag label"> {{ article.tag }} </div>
3.博客详情页
1.Model层：
不变
2 View层
article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect from firstapp.models import Article # Create your views here. def index(request): """主页视图""" context = {} article_list = Article.objects.all() # 获取Article表的所有数据 context[\'article_list\'] = article_list return render(request, \'index.html\', context) def detail(request,page_num): """detail视图""" context = {} article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章 context[\'article\'] = article return render(request, \'detail.html\', context)
url
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from firstapp.views import index,detail urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls), url(r\'^index/\', index, name=\'index\'), url(r\'^detail/(?P<page_num>\\d+)$\', detail, name=\'detail\'), ]
3 T层
{% load staticfiles %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static \'css/semantic.css\' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static \'css/detail.css\' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<img src="{% static \'images/tenlogo.png\' %}" alt="">
渲染模板语言
<h1 class="ui header">{{ article.title }}</h1> <p> {{ article.content }} </p>
4. 实现跳转功能
<a class="item" href="{% url \'index\' %}">全部</a>
<a href="{% url \'detail\' article.id %}">
<a href="{% url \'detail\' article.id %}"> <h2 class="ui header"> {{ article.title }} </h2> </a>
<a href="{% url \'detail\' article.id %}"> <i class="angle tiny double grey right icon">READMORE</i> </a>
<title>{{ article.title }}</title>
5.展示这个文章对应的评论
1 M层
belong_to = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, related_name=\'under_comments\', null=True, blank=True)
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Article(models.Model): """博客内容字段""" title = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=300) # 文章标题 content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) # 文章内容 TAG_CHOICES = ( (\'ai\', \'ai\'), (\'python\', \'python\'), (\'linux\', \'linux\'), ) tag = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=10, choices=TAG_CHOICES) def __str__(self): return self.title class Comment(models.Model): """评论字段表""" name = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=50) comment = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) belong_to = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, related_name=\'under_comments\', null=True, blank=True) def __str__(self): return self.comment
2 注册
from django.contrib import admin from firstapp.models import Article,Comment # Register your models here. admin.site.register(Article) admin.site.register(Comment)
3 合并数据库
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected
PS C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bloger> python.exe .\\manage.py makemigrations
2 V 层
不变
def detail(request,page_num): """加载文章，评论视图""" context = {} article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章 context[\'article\'] = article return render(request, \'detail.html\', context)
url 不变
3 T层
通过Article的字段under_comments查找评论
{% for comment in article.under_comments.all %}
<div class="comment">
<div class="avatar">
<img src="http://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar/small/matt.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="content">
<a href="#" class="author">{{ comment.name }}</a>
<div class="metadata">
<div class="date">2 days ago</div>
</div>
<p class="text" style="font-family: \'Raleway\', sans-serif;">
{{ comment.comment }}
</p>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
6 form表单提交评论
1 M层：不变
2 V层
1 定义Django表单
from django import forms class CommentForm(forms.Form): """定义Django自带的form表单""" name = forms.CharField(max_length=50) comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
2 get实例化一个表单
post提交表单数据
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect from firstapp.models import Article,Comment from django import forms class CommentForm(forms.Form): """定义个Django自带的表单类""" name = forms.CharField(max_length=50) comment = forms.CharField() def detail(request,page_num): """加载文章，评论视图""" if request.method == \'GET\': form = CommentForm #实例化表单 if request.method == \'POST\': form = CommentForm(request.POST) #提交数据 # print(form) for testing if form.is_valid(): #判断表单的数据是否通过验证 name = form.cleaned_data[\'name\'] comment = form.cleaned_data[\'comment\'] a = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #查找出该文章对应的id c = Comment(name=name, comment=comment, belong_to=a) #写评论 c.save() #保存数据库 return redirect(to=\'detail\',page_num=page_num) #重定向本页 context = {} article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章 context[\'article\'] = article context[\'form\'] = form return render(request, \'detail.html\', context)
url
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from firstapp.views import index, detail urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls), url(r\'^index/\', index, name=\'index\'), url(r\'^detail/(?P<page_num>\\d+)$\',detail,name=\'detail\'), ]
3 T层
<form class="ui form" action="" method="post"> {{ form.as_p }} {% csrf_token %} <button type="submit" class="ui blue button" >Click</button> </form>
7.Django自带form表单验证
1 form表单单独写成文件
2.各种验证器
from django import forms from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError def words_validator(comment): """验证器函数""" if len(comment) < 5: raise ValidationError(\'内容长度不足5个字符\') def comment_validator(comment): """过滤器""" if \'?\' in comment: raise ValidationError(\'不能包含这个字符\') class CommentForm(forms.Form): """定义Django自带的form表单""" name = forms.CharField(max_length=50, error_messages={ \'required\': \'请输入内容\', }, ) comment = forms.CharField( # 修改表单样式 widget=forms.Textarea, error_messages={ \'required\':\'请输入内容\', }, validators=[words_validator,comment_validator] )
8.定制表单
1 sematic ui 的表单
<form class="ui form" action="" method="post"> <div class="field"> <label> name</label> <input type="text" name="name" value=""> </div> <div class="field"> <label>comment</label> <textarea></textarea> </div> <button type="submit" class="ui blue button" >Click</button> </form>
<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>请输入内容</li></ul><input id="id_name" maxlength="50" name="name" type="text" /></td></tr> <tr><th><label for="id_comment">Comment:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>请输入内容</li></ul><textarea cols="40" id="id_comment" name="comment" rows="10"> </textarea></td></tr>
2 错误表单
<div class="ui form"> <div class="two fields"> <div class="field error"> <label>First Name</label> <input placeholder="First Name" type="text"> </div> <div class="field"> <label>Last Name</label> <input placeholder="Last Name" type="text"> </div> </div> <div class="field error"> <label>Gender</label> <div class="ui selection dropdown"> <div class="default text">Select</div> <i class="dropdown icon"></i> <input type="hidden" name="gender"> <div class="menu"> <div class="item" data-value="male">Male</div> <div class="item" data-value="female">Female</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="inline field error"> <div class="ui checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" tabindex="0" class="hidden"> <label>我同意本条款和条件</label> </div> </div> </div>
3.post传到后台的数据
4.定制错误表单
<form class="ui error tiny form" action="" method="post"> {% if form.errors %} <div class="ui error message"> {{ form.errors }} </div> {% for field in form %} <div class="{{ field.errors|yesno:\'error, \' }} field"> {{ field.label }} {{ field }} </div> {% endfor %} {% else %} {% for field in form %} <div class="field"> {{ field.label }} {{ field }} </div> {% endfor %} {% endif %} {% csrf_token %} <button type="submit" <以上是关于个人博客系统！！！的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章