Django day004

Posted 12兵哥哥

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路由系统（URL)

因匹配关系从上到下依次匹配，建议匹配关系末尾使用"$"，避免前面相同，而匹配出错

  1. 一对一

    • url(r‘^home‘, views.Home.as_view()) 对应类
    • url(r‘^detail‘, views.detail) 对应函数

  2. 一对多

    • url(r‘^detail-(\d+).html‘, views.detail),
    • url(r‘^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html‘, views.detail) 形参位置顺序影响业务逻辑
    • url(r‘^detail-(?P\d+)-(?P\d+).html‘, views.detail) 推荐

  3. 使用方法

     def detail(request, *args, **kwargs):
 	# kwargs 以字典形式取值
 	detail_info = USER_DICT.get(kwargs.get("nid"))
 	# args 以元组形式取值
 	detail_info = USER_DICT.get(args[0])
 	
 def detail(request, nid, uid):
 	detail_info = USER_DICT.get(nid)

  4. name 路由对应名称

    对URL路径关系进行命名，以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL

     通常情况（WEB框架通用方法） 	
 	url对应关系名称修改，html的form标签中action内容对应修改
 	例如：
 		url(r‘^indexddhhddjdfjd‘, views.index),
 		<form action="/indexddhhddjdfjd" method="post">
 
 django特有方法
 	（1） 仅需要修改url对应关系即可，无需修改html
 		例如：
 			url(r‘^bjbjbj‘, views.index, name="index"),
 			<form action="{% url ‘index‘ %}" method="post">
 			def index(request): pass
 		缺点：仅能访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/bjbjbj/
 			但http://127.0.0.1:8000/bjbjbj/1/就访问失败

 	（2）支持访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/bjbjbj/5/1
 		url(r‘^bjbjbj/(\d+)/(\d+)‘, views.index, name="index"),
 		<form action="{% url ‘index‘ 1 2 %}" method="post">
 		def index(request, nid, uid): pass
 		缺点：访问的是http://127.0.0.1:8000/bjbjbj/5/1，
 			但生成的是<form action="/bjbjbj/1/2" method="post">
 	
 	（3）访问和生成一致
 		url(r‘^bjbjbj/(\d+)/(\d+)‘, views.index, name="index"),
 		<form action={{ request.path_info }} method="post">
 		def index(request, nid, uid): pass
 		
 	（4）也可以在views.py中生成
 		url(r‘^bjbjbj‘, views.index, name="index"),
 		<form action={{ request.path_info }} method="post">
 		def index(request):
 		    from django.urls import reverse
 		    v = reverse("index")
 		    print(v)
 		    return render(request, ‘index.html‘, {"user_dict": USER_DICT})

 		
 		url(r‘^bjbjbj/(\d+)/(\d+)‘, views.index, name="index"),
 		<form action={{ request.path_info }} method="post">
 		def index(request, nid, uid):
 		    from django.urls import reverse
 		    v = reverse("index", args=(1, 2))
 		    print(v)
 		    return render(request, ‘index.html‘, {"user_dict": USER_DICT})

 		url(r‘^bjbjbj/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<uid>\d+)‘, views.index, name="index"),
 		<form action={{ request.path_info }} method="post">
 		或者<form action="{% url ‘index‘ nid=1 uid=3 %}" method="post">
 		def index(request, nid, uid):
 		    from django.urls import reverse
 		    v = reverse("index", kwargs={"nid":nid, "uid":uid})
 		    print(v)
 		    return render(request, ‘index.html‘, {"user_dict": USER_DICT})

 总结：		
 	{{ request.path_info }} 当前的url，操作后，还在当前操作页
 	{% url "index" 3 6 %} 在当前页操作，操作后，跳转到指定页，定制
 	
 	
 	url(r‘^fine/‘, views.index, name="i1"),
 	url(r‘^today/(\d+)/(\d+)‘, views.index, name="i2"),
 	url(r‘^buy/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<uid>\d+)‘, views.index, name="i3"),
 	
 	def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
 		from django.urls import reverse
 	
 		url1 = reverse("i1")							# fine/
 		url2 = reverse("i2", args=(1,2,))				# yug/1/2/
 		url3 = reverse("i3", kwargs={"pid":1, "nid":9}) # buy/1/9/
 	
 	xxx.html
 		{% url "i1" %}				# fine/
 		{% url "i2" 1 2 %}			# yug/1/2/
 		{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %}	# buy/1/9/

  5. 路由分发 工程 urls.py 写分类

     from django.conf.urls import include

 urlpatterns = [
     url(r‘^cmdb/‘, include("app01.urls")),
     url(r‘^monitor/‘, include("app02.urls")),
 ]

    app02之urls.py 写app02的具体路由对应关系

     from django.conf.urls import url

 from app02 import views
 
 urlpatterns = [
     url(r‘^login‘, views.login),
 ]

    app01之urls.py 写app01的具体路由对应关系

     同app02的url.py，和之前的写法一样

    客户端访问方式改为

     http://127.0.0.1:8000/cmdb/login
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/monitor/login
注：路由分发"进"（客户端请求）起作用，但"出"（发回客户端）需要明确表明
html要修改
	<form action="/monitor/login" method="post">
或者app的views.py中
	return redirect(‘/monitor/index1‘)

  1. 默认值

  2. 命名空间

客户端访问形式一：http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail?nid=2

默认页面是动态的

urls.py
	url(r‘^detail‘, views.detail),
	url(r‘^login‘, views.login),

views.py
	USER_DICT={
	    "1":{"name": "root1", "email": "[email protected]"},
	    "2":{"name": "root2", "email": "[email protected]"},
	    "3":{"name": "root3", "email": "[email protected]"},
	    "4":{"name": "root4", "email": "[email protected]"},
	}
	
	def detail(request):
	    nid = request.GET.get("nid")
	    detail_info = USER_DICT.get(nid)
	    return render(request, "detail.html", 	{"detail_info":detail_info})

	def index(request):
		return render(request, ‘index.html‘, {"user_dict": USER_DICT})

index.html
	<ul>
        {% for k, v in user_dict.items %}
            <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail?nid={{ k }}">{{ v.name }}</a></li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

detail.html
	<body>
	    <h1>详细信息</h1>
	    <h6>用户名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h6>
	    <h6>邮箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h6>
	</body>

客户端访问形式二：http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail-1-10.html

默认页面是静态的

views.py
	这里要求与urls对应关系的参数个数一致
	def detail(request, nid, uid):
	    detail_info = USER_DICT.get(nid)
	    return render(request, "detail.html", {"detail_info": detail_info})

	若参数不确定时，可以写成
	def detail(request, *args, **kwargs):
		pass

urls.py
	url(r‘^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail)

index.html
	<ul>
        {% for k, v in user_dict.items %}
            <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ v.name }}</a></li>
        {% endfor %}
	</ul>	

detail.html 同上

视图

	request.GET
	request.POST
	request.FILES（文件操作）
	
	FBV function base view
		urls.py 
			index -> 函数名
			url(r‘^login‘, views.login),
			请求来了，执行函数名对应的方法

		views.py
			def func(request):
				pass

	CBV	class base view
		urls.py 
			home -> 类
			url(r‘^home‘, views.Home.as_view()),
				注：as_view()为固定写法
			请求来了，执行类中具体的方法
		
		views.py
			from django.views import View

			class Home(View):
			    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
			        print("before")
			        result = super(Home, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
			        print("after")
			        return result
			
			    def get(self, request):
			        print(request.method)
			        return render(request, ‘home.html‘)
			
			    def post(self, request):
			        print(request.method)
			        return render(request, ‘home.html‘)
	
	装饰器

默认数据交互规则

  • GET: 获取数据
    • 浏览器默认方法
    • 将输入的内容，填充到url中，url上内看到填写内容，再发放到服务端
  • POST：提交数据
    • 将输入内容，填充到body中，再发放到服务端
  • GET方法和POST方法
    • get方法和post方法传输的内容，都可以通过抓包方式，获取内容
    • 不存在，那种方式更安全之说。
  • PUT
  • DELETE
  • HEAD
  • OPTION

获取用户提交信息

  • 输入框

    • request.POST.get("username")

  • 单选框

    • request.POST.get("gender")

  • 多选框

    • request.POST.getlist("favor")

  • select

    • 默认单选
      • request.POST.get("city")
    • 有multiple，可多选
      • request.POST.getlist("city")

  • 文件 form 表单头需要添加 enctype="multipart/form-data"

    • 文件名
      • obj.name
    • 文件内容(上传文件)

     

      obj = request.FILES.get("file")		
  print(type(obj.name), obj.name)
  file_path = os.path.join("upload", obj.name)
  with open(file_path, mode="wb") as f:
      for part in obj.chunks():
          f.write(part)

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