源码编译安装LNMP
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LNMP
LNMP就是:Linux系统下nginx+mysql+php这种网站服务器架构。
Linux是一类Unix计算机操作系统的统称,是目前最流行的免费操作系统。代表版本有:debian、centos、ubuntu、fedora、gentoo等。
Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。
Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。
PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入html文档的脚本语言。
这四种软件均为免费开源软件,组合到一起,成为一个免费、高效、扩展性强的网站服务系统。
开始搭建LNMP环境
注:由于系统是最小化安装的CentOS 7,所以在编译安装之前需要安装gcc
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y gcc*
1、编译安装Nginx
(1)、安装软件依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel
(2)、下载Nginx安装包并解压
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [[email protected] src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz [[email protected] src]# useradd nginx ##创建Nginx用户 [[email protected] src]# tar -xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
(3)、编译安装Nginx
[[email protected] src]# cd nginx-1.12.0 [[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre [[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install 注: --prefix:Nginx安装目录 --user:Nginx用户 --group:Nginx用户所属组 --with-http_ssl_module:提供https支持 --with-http_flv_module:搭建flv视频服务器使用的 --with-http_stub_status_module:开启Stub Status模块,该模块会产生一个服务器状态和信息页 --with-http_gzip_static_module:开启Gzip静态模块,该模块用于发送预压缩文件 --with-pcre:perl执行文件路径
(4)、配置Nginx启动脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID KillMode=process KillSignal=SIGQUIT TimeoutStopSec=5 PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [[email protected] ~]# chmod a+x /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service ##给权限
(5)、启动Nginx
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t ##检查Nginx的配置是否有问题 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [[email protected] ~]# systemctl start nginx [[email protected] ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 10072 1 0 10:52 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx 10073 10072 0 10:52 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 10075 963 0 10:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
(6)、访问Nginx,如图1所示
图1
2、编译安装php-fpm
(1)、安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel bzip2-devel gcc openssl-devel php-mcrypt libmcrypt libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel
(2)、下载php-fpm安装包并解压
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [[email protected] src]# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.38.tar.gz [[email protected] src]# tar -xf php-5.5.38.tar.gz
(3)、编译安装php-fpm
[[email protected] src]# cd php-5.5.38 [[email protected] php-5.5.38]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-mcrypt --with-bz2 --enable-fpm --with-gd [[email protected] php-5.5.38]# make && make install ##这一步时间有点久
(4)、修改一些配置
[[email protected] php-5.5.38]# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.5.38/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini [[email protected] php-5.5.38]# mv /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf [[email protected] php-5.5.38]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php ##创建用户 [[email protected] php-5.5.38]# sed -i -e 's\;pid = run/php-fpm.pid\pid = run/php-fpm.pid\g' -e 's\nobody\php\g' -e 's\listen = 127.0.0.1:9000\listen = 0.0.0.0:9000\g' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf [[email protected] php-5.5.38]# sed -i 's\;daemonize = yes\daemonize = no\g' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
(5)、配置启动脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.5.38/sapi/fpm ##php-fpm自带的启动脚本 [[email protected] fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [[email protected] fpm]# cd /etc/init.d/ [[email protected] init.d]# chmod +x php-fpm
(6)、启动php-fpm
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t ##检查php-fpm配置是否正常 [22-Dec-2017 11:13:16] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful [[email protected] ~]# service php-fpm start Unit php-fpm.service could not be found. Starting php-fpm done [[email protected] ~]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm root 4677 1 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf) php 4678 4677 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www php 4679 4677 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www root 4681 963 0 11:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm
(7)、访问PHP
首先先修改Nginx,使其支持PHP
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf location / { root html; index index.html index.htm index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } ##添加PHP代码 [[email protected] html]# cat /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?>
访问网页,如图2所示
图2
3、编译安装MySQL
(1)、安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y cmake gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl-Data-Dumper boost boost-doc boost-devel
(2)、下载MySQL安装包并解压
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [[email protected] src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz [[email protected] src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz [[email protected] src]# tar -xf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz [[email protected] src]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz
(3)、创建用户并授权
[[email protected] src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql [[email protected] src]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/mydata [[email protected] src]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/conf [[email protected] src]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql [[email protected] src]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf ##如果不删除会有冲突
(4)、编译安装
[[email protected] src]# cd mysql-5.7.20 [[email protected] mysql-5.7.20]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/mydata -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/conf -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=0 -DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled -DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=./boost [[email protected] mysql-5.7.20]# make && make install ##耗时比较长 注: -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/server/mysql-5.6.12 设置安装目录 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql 设置数据库存放目录 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock 设置UNIX socket 目录 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql 设置运行用户 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 设置默认字符集,默认latin1 -DEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 设置默认校对规则,默认latin1_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 添加InnoDB引擎支持 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 自动下载可选文件,比如自动下载谷歌的测试包 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 设置服务器监听端口,默认3306 -DSYSCONFDIR=/data/etc 设置my.cnf所在目录,默认为安装目录 更多参数执行 # cmake . -LH 或者查看官方说明
(5)、修改配置
##设置添加到系统服务并设置开机启动
[[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [[email protected] ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld [[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql ##将MySQL添加到bash里面
##初始化MySQL,如图3(初始密码为图3中划线部分)
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mydata
图3
##修改密码(需要启动MySQL服务后才能进入数据库修改密码,密码为初始化后的密码,即图3划线部分),如图4所示
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('00000000');
图4
(6)、配置启动脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service [Unit] Description=MariaDB server and services After=syslog.target After=network.target [Service] Type=simple User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr/local/mysql TimeoutSec=300 PrivateTmp=false [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [[email protected] ~]# chmod a+x /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service ##授权 [[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mysql [[email protected] ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql mysql 23300 1 0 12:22 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr/local/mysql mysql 23378 23300 3 12:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mydata --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=localhost.localdomain.pid root 23408 963 0 12:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
至此,LNMP环境就已经搭建完成了
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