03. Initializing Direct3D 11
Posted YinaPan
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全局变量
IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;
float red = 0.0f;
float green = 0.0f;
float blue = 0.0f;
int colormodr = 1;
int colormodg = 1;
int colormodb = 1;
函数原型bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
void ReleaseObjects();
bool InitScene();
void UpdateScene();
void DrawScene();if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) //Initialize Direct3D { MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } if(!InitScene()) //Initialize our scene { MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } messageloop(); ReleaseObjects();
Initializing Direct3D 11初始化dx11
1 bool InitializeDirect3dApp(HINSTANCE hInstance) 2 { 3 HRESULT hr; 4 5 //Describe our Buffer 6 DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc; 7 8 ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC)); 9 10 bufferDesc.Width = Width; 11 bufferDesc.Height = Height; 12 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; 13 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; 14 bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; 15 bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED; 16 bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED; 17 18 //Describe our SwapChain 19 DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; 20 21 ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC)); 22 23 swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc; 24 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; 25 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; 26 swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; 27 swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; 28 swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; 29 swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; 30 swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD; 31 32 33 //Create our SwapChain 34 hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 35 D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon); 36 37 //Create our BackBuffer 38 ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer; 39 hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer ); 40 41 //Create our Render Target 42 hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView ); 43 BackBuffer->Release(); 44 45 //Set our Render Target 46 d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, NULL ); 47 48 return true; 49 }
Describing the BackBuffer( DXGI_MODE_DESC )
typedef struct DXGI_MODE_DESC {
UINT Width;//宽度
UINT Height;//高度
DXGI_RATIONAL RefreshRate;//刷新率 设为60HZ
DXGI_FORMAT Format;//显示方式 rgba每个8bit 一共32bit
DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER ScanlineOrdering;//渲染方式 不指定 双缓冲无所谓
DXGI_MODE_SCALING Scaling;//缩放 不指定
} DXGI_MODE_DESC, *LPDXGI_MODE_DESC;DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc; ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC)); bufferDesc.Width = Width; bufferDesc.Height = Height; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;//渲染方式不指定 bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;//缩放不指定
Describing the SwapChain( DXGI_MODE_DESC )
typedef struct DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC {
DXGI_MODE_DESC BufferDesc;// 上述的backbuffer
DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC SampleDesc;//采样方式
DXGI_USAGE BufferUsage;//
UINT BufferCount;//缓冲区数量 1：双缓冲 2：三缓冲
HWND OutputWindow;//我们自己的输出窗口
BOOL Windowed;//是否窗口化
DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT SwapEffect;//cpu访问后台缓冲区的方式
UINT Flags;//额外的标志
} DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC;DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC)); swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;//每个像素多重采样的数量 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;//质量 swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
Creating the Device and SwapChain( D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain() )
HRESULT D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
__in IDXGIAdapter *pAdapter,//我们使用的adapter NULL使用默认的
__in D3D_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType,//direct3d要怎么实现 D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE将由gpu来实现
__in HMODULE Software,//软件栅格化的句柄 NULL
__in UINT Flags,//NULL
__in const D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevels,//NULL 使用最好的
__in UINT FeatureLevels,//NULL
__in UINT SDKVersion,//D3D11_SDK_VERSION
__in const DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC *pSwapChainDesc,//刚创建的交换链
__out IDXGISwapChain **ppSwapChain,//接收我们刚创建的交换链
__out ID3D11Device **ppDevice,//device
__out D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevel,//D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL 最高的
__out ID3D11DeviceContext **ppImmediateContext//device context
);hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
Creating the BackBuffer( GetBuffer() )
HRESULT GetBuffer(
[in] UINT Buffer,//0
[in] REFIID riid,//ID3D11Texture2D 改变后缓冲区的借口类型的引用id
[in, out] void **ppSurface//backbuffer
);
ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer; hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer );
Creating the Render Target( ID3D11Device::CreateRenderTargetView() ) and release backbuffer
HRESULT CreateRenderTargetView(
[in] ID3D11Resource *pResource,//Back buffer
[in] const D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESC *pDesc,//设null创建一个视图来访问mipmap为0的所有子资源
[out] ID3D11RenderTargetView **ppRTView//rendertarget
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView );
BackBuffer->Release();
Set the Render Targets( ID3D11DeviceContext::OMSetRenderTargets() )
void OMSetRenderTargets(
[in] UINT NumViews,//需要绑定的View 数目 我们只有一个
[in] ID3D11RenderTargetView *const **ppRenderTargetViews,//需要绑定的view
[in] ID3D11DepthStencilView *pDepthStencilView//深度模板 没有设NULL
);
Clean Up
释放所有我们创建的com objects
void ReleaseObjects() { //Release the COM Objects we created SwapChain->Release(); d3d11Device->Release(); d3dDevCon->Release(); }
Initialize Scene
初始化场景
bool InitScene() { return true; }
Update Scene
更新场景，如改变objects 位置，改变值，场景内的任何改变，本节只改变背景颜色
1 void UpdateScene() 2 { 3 //Update the colors of our scene 4 red += colormodr * 0.00005f; 5 green += colormodg * 0.00002f; 6 blue += colormodb * 0.00001f; 7 8 if(red >= 1.0f || red <= 0.0f) 9 colormodr *= -1; 10 if(green >= 1.0f || green <= 0.0f) 11 colormodg *= -1; 12 if(blue >= 1.0f || blue <= 0.0f) 13 colormodb *= -1; 14 }
Render Scene
DrawScene() render 我们的场景，该函数只渲染场景不更新场景 交换前后缓冲区，掉present会将back buffer 渲染到屏幕
1 void DrawScene() 2 { 3 //Clear our backbuffer to the updated color 4 D3DXCOLOR bgColor( red, green, blue, 1.0f ); 5 6 d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor); 7 8 //Present the backbuffer to the screen 9 SwapChain->Present(0, 0); 10 }
messageloop()方法，先调用UpdateScene() 更新场景，然后然后掉DrawScene()把backbuffer渲染到屏幕
1 int messageloop(){ 2 MSG msg; 3 ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG)); 4 while(true) 5 { 6 BOOL PeekMessageL( 7 LPMSG lpMsg, 8 HWND hWnd, 9 UINT wMsgFilterMin, 10 UINT wMsgFilterMax, 11 UINT wRemoveMsg 12 ); 13 14 if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) 15 { 16 if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) 17 break; 18 TranslateMessage(&msg); 19 DispatchMessage(&msg); 20 } 21 else{ 22 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 23 // run game code 24 25 UpdateScene(); 26 DrawScene(); 27 28 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 29 } 30 } 31 return msg.wParam; 32 }
Error Checking:
DXGetErrorDescription
需添加#include <DXErr.h>和DXErr.lib
1 #pragma comment (lib, "DXErr.lib") 2 #include <DXErr.h> 3 4 ... 5 6 bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance) 7 { 8 HRESULT hr; 9 10 //Describe our Buffer 11 DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc; 12 13 ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC)); 14 15 bufferDesc.Width = Width; 16 bufferDesc.Height = Height; 17 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; 18 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; 19 bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; 20 bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED; 21 bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED; 22 23 //Describe our SwapChain 24 DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; 25 26 ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC)); 27 28 swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc; 29 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; 30 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; 31 swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; 32 swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; 33 swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; 34 swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; 35 swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD; 36 37 38 //Create our SwapChain 39 hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 40 D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon); 41 if(FAILED(hr)) 42 { 43 MessageBox(NULL, DXGetErrorDescription(hr), 44 TEXT(" D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain"), MB_OK); 45 return 0; 46 } 47 48 //Create our BackBuffer 49 ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer; 50 hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer ); 51 if(FAILED(hr)) 52 { 53 MessageBox(NULL, DXGetErrorDescription(hr), 54 TEXT("SwapChain->GetBuffer"), MB_OK); 55 return 0; 56 } 57 58 //Create our Render Target 59 hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView ); 60 BackBuffer->Release(); 61 if(FAILED(hr)) 62 { 63 MessageBox(NULL, DXGetErrorDescription(hr), 64 TEXT("d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView"), MB_OK); 65 return 0; 66 } 67 68 //Set our Render Target 69 d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, NULL ); 70 71 return true; 72 }
1 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 2 3 #include <windows.h> 4 #include <d3d11.h> 5 #include <d3dx11.h> 6 #include <d3dx10.h> 7 #include <xnamath.h> 8 9 //Global Declarations// 10 IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain; 11 ID3D11Device* d3d11Device; 12 ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon; 13 ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; 14 15 float red = 0.0f; 16 float green = 0.0f; 17 float blue = 0.0f; 18 int colormodr = 1; 19 int colormodg = 1; 20 int colormodb = 1; 21 22 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 23 24 LPCTSTR WndClassName = L"firstwindow"; 25 HWND hwnd = NULL; 26 27 const int Width = 300; 28 const int Height = 300; 29 30 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 31 32 //Function Prototypes// 33 bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance); 34 void ReleaseObjects(); 35 bool InitScene(); 36 void UpdateScene(); 37 void DrawScene(); 38 39 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 40 41 bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, 42 int ShowWnd, 43 int width, int height, 44 bool windowed); 45 int messageloop(); 46 47 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, 48 UINT msg, 49 WPARAM wParam, 50 LPARAM lParam); 51 52 53 int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, //Main windows function 54 HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, 55 LPSTR lpCmdLine, 56 int nShowCmd) 57 { 58 59 if(!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true)) 60 { 61 MessageBox(0, L"Window Initialization - Failed", 62 L"Error", MB_OK); 63 return 0; 64 } 65 66 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 67 68 if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) //Initialize Direct3D 69 { 70 MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed", 71 L"Error", MB_OK); 72 return 0; 73 } 74 75 if(!InitScene()) //Initialize our scene 76 { 77 MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed", 78 L"Error", MB_OK); 79 return 0; 80 } 81 82 messageloop(); 83 84 ReleaseObjects(); 85 86 ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// 87 88 return 0; 89 } 90 91 bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, 92 int ShowWnd, 93 int width, int height, 94 bool windowed) 95 { 96 typedef struct _WNDCLASS { 97 UINT cbSize; 98 UINT style; 99 WNDPROC lpfnWndProc; 100 int cbClsExtra; 101 int cbWndExtra; 102 HANDLE hInstance; 103 HICON hIcon; 104 HCURSOR hCursor; 105 HBRUSH hbrBackground; 106 LPCTSTR lpszMenuName; 107 LPCTSTR lpszClassName; 108 } WNDCLASS; 109 110 WNDCLASSEX wc; 111 112 wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); 113 wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; 114 wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; 115 wc.cbClsExtra = NULL; 116 wc.cbWndExtra = NULL; 117 wc.hInstance = hInstance; 118 wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); 119 wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); 120 wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2); 121 wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; 122 wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName; 123 wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); 124 125 if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) 126 { 127 MessageBox(NULL, L"Error registering class", 128 L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR); 129 return 1; 130 } 131 132 hwnd = CreateWindowEx( 133 NULL, 134 以上是关于03. Initializing Direct3D 11的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章Direct3D 11 Tutorial 3: Shaders and Effect System_Direct3D 11 教程3：着色器和效果系统
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