带你一步步实现线程池异步回调
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作者:晓渡
文章地址:https://greatestrabit.github.io/2016/03/29/callback/
1.字面意义上的回调
字面意思上理解回调,就是A调用B,B回过头来再调用A,即是回调.既然是这样,当然就要求A中有B,B中有A.如下:
class A { /** * 提出问题 * @author [email protected] * @param b * @param question */ public void ask(final B b, final String question) { b.answer(this, question); } /** * 处理结果 * @author [email protected] * @param answer */ public void processResult(final String answer) { System.out.println(answer); } } class B { /** * 计算结果 * @author [email protected] * @param a * @param question */ public void answer(final A a, final String question) { if (question.equals("What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?")) { a.processResult("42"); } } } /** * 相互调用 * @author [email protected] * */ public class SyncObjectCallback { public static void main(final String[] args) { B b = new B(); A a = new A(); a.ask(b, "What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?"); } }
2.面向对象的回调
上面的写法中,B的对象只在方法中被传递了.实际上,这个B对象后来又调用了A中的方法,它的作用应该不止局限在一个方法中,而应该是A的一个部分.也就是,上面的写法不够”面向对象”,让我们来改造一下:
class A { private final B b; public A(final B b) { this.b = b; } public void ask(final String question) { this.b.answer(this, question); } public void processResult(final String answer) { System.out.println(answer); } } class B { public void answer(final A a, final String question) { if (question.equals("What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?")) { a.processResult("42"); } } } /** * 面向对象的相互调用 * @author [email protected] * */ public class SyncOOCallback { public static void main(final String[] args) { B b = new B(); A a = new A(b); a.ask("What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?"); } }
3.面向接口的回调
上面的两个例子,估计没人会承认也是回调吧.因为并没什么卵用.不过这个流程对于理解回调是很重要的.其实回调真正有用的地方,在于它的”预测”能力.
我们扩展想象一下.假设上面例子中的B,为A提供了很多服务之后突然觉醒,想为更多的对象提供服务,这样一来,B就变成了Server.而且还要制定规则.规则是什么呢,就是要Server提供服务可以,对方一定要有一个recvAnswer接口供Server调用才行,这样Server才能把结果传回给Client.具体如何制定规则呢?通过Interface.如下:
/** * 发出请求着需要实现的接口,要实现处理结果的方法 * @author [email protected] * */ public interface IClient { void recvAnswer(String answer); } /** * 响应请求者,即提供服务者 * @author [email protected] * */ public class Server { public void answer(final IClient client, final String question) { if (question.equals("What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?")) { calclating(); client.recvAnswer("42"); } } private void calclating() { try { Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(5000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 发出请求者,同时要处理请求结果 * @author [email protected] * */ public class ClientSync implements IClient { private final Server server; public ClientSync(final Server server) { this.server = server; } public void ask(final String question) { this.server.answer(this, question); } @Override public void recvAnswer(final String answer) { System.out.println(answer); } } /** * 面向接口的同步回调 * @author [email protected] * */ public class SyncInterfaceCallback { /** * 使用内部类来实现的方式 * @author [email protected] */ private static void innerMain() { Server server = new Server(); server.answer(new IClient() { @Override public void recvAnswer(final String answer) { System.out.println(answer); } }, "What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?"); } public static void main(final String[] args) { Server server = new Server(); ClientSync client = new ClientSync(server); client.ask("What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?"); innerMain(); } }
注意,接口IClient实际上应该是属于Server端的,它是由Server制定的,需要Client来实现的接口,虽然看上去它跟Client很近.
为什么说有”预测”能力呢?想象另一个场景.Server现在是一个底层服务,这个底层服务知道迟早有一天会有高层服务来讨要数据,但是数据如何向上传递呢?底层可以承诺,只有你实现IClient接口,我就会调用其中的recvAnswer方法,把数据传上来.现在底层也可以调用高层的方法,算是有”预测”能力吧?
4.异步回调
上面的调用都是同步的.假设Server计算结果需要较长的时间,你一定希望它能在一个单独的线程中被执行,这是就可以把ask方法的调用用线程包装一下:
public class ClientAsync implements IClient { private final Server server; public ClientAsync(final Server server) { this.server = server; } /** * 在线程中发出请求 * @author [email protected] * @param question */ public void ask(final String question) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { server.answer(ClientAsync.this, question); } }).start(); } @Override public void recvAnswer(final String answer) { System.out.println(answer); } } /** * 基于接口的异步回调,每次建立新的线程 * @author [email protected] * */ public class AsyncInterfaceCallback { /** * 使用内部类的实现方式,此处可见回调地狱 * @author [email protected] */ private static void innerMain() { Server server = new Server(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { server.answer(new IClient() { @Override public void recvAnswer(final String answer) { System.out.println(answer); } }, "What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?"); } }).start(); System.out.println("asked ! waiting for the answer..."); } public static void main(final String[] args) { Server server = new Server(); ClientAsync client = new ClientAsync(server); client.ask("What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?"); System.out.println("asked ! waiting for the answer..."); innerMain(); } }
5.线程池异步回调
每次建立新的线程耗费资源巨大,为了重用线程,使用线程池管理异步调用,这时候就要求Client不仅要实现IClient接口,还要同时是一个任务,才能被线程池执行,如下:
/** * 专门用来执行请求的任务,供线程池调用 * @author [email protected] * */ public class ClientRunnable implements IClient, Runnable { private final Server server; private final String question; private final int id; public ClientRunnable(final Server server, final String question, final int id) { this.server = server; this.question = question; this.id = id; } @Override public void recvAnswer(final String answer) { System.out.println("clinet " + this.id + " got answer: " + answer); } @Override public void run() { server.answer(ClientRunnable.this, this.question); } } /** * 基于线程池的异步回调 * @author [email protected] * */ public class ThreadpoolCallback { public static void main(final String[] args) { ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); Server server = new Server(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { ClientRunnable cr = new ClientRunnable(server, "What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?", i); es.execute(cr); System.out.println("client " + i + " asked !"); } es.shutdown(); } }
至此,我们就实现了线程池异步回调.
完整源码请移步:github
本文出自 “梦里不知身是客” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://greatestrabit.blog.51cto.com/11375247/1760250
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