76django之内置Admin

Posted 布吉岛丶

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Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:

技术分享图片
依赖APP:
        django.contrib.auth
        django.contrib.contenttypes
        django.contrib.messages
        django.contrib.sessions

    模板的context_processors:
        django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
        django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages

    中间件:
        django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware 
        django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
View Code

一. 配置路由

urlpatterns = [
    url(r^admin/, admin.site.urls),
]

当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:

/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/

/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/


 

二. 定制Admin

在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:

admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)

但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:

方式一:
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = (user, pwd,)
 
    admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表
     
 
方式二:
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)                # 第一个参数可以是列表
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = (user, pwd,)

ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如

1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (user, pwd, xxxxx)
 
    def xxxxx(self, obj):
        return "xxxxx"

2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (user, pwd, xxxxx)
    list_display_links = (pwd,)

3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。

from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (user, pwd)
 
    class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
        title = _(decade born)
        parameter_name = xxxxxx
 
        def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
            """
            显示筛选选项
            :param request:
            :param model_admin:
            :return:
            """
            return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list(id, title)
 
        def queryset(self, request, queryset):
            """
            点击查询时,进行筛选
            :param request:
            :param queryset:
            :return:
            """
            v = self.value()
            return queryset.filter(ug=v)
 
    list_filter = (user,Ugg,)

4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related

5. 分页相关

# 分页,每页显示条数
    list_per_page = 100
 
# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)
    list_max_show_all = 200
 
# 分页插件
    paginator = Paginator

6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (user, pwd,ug,)
    list_editable = (ug,)

7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     
    search_fields = (user, pwd)

8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    date_hierarchy = ctime

9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件

10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”

11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑

save_as_continue = True
 
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。
 
New in Django 1.10.

12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮

13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除

class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline
    extra = 0
    model = models.UserInfo
 
 
class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (id, title,)
    inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]

14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    # 定制Action行为具体方法
    def func(self, request, queryset):
        print(self, request, queryset)
        print(request.POST.getlist(_selected_action))
 
    func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"
    actions = [func, ]
 
    # Action选项都是在页面上方显示
    actions_on_top = True
    # Action选项都是在页面下方显示
    actions_on_bottom = False
 
    # 是否显示选择个数
    actions_selection_counter = True

15. 定制html模板

add_form_template = None
change_form_template = None
change_list_template = None
delete_confirmation_template = None
delete_selected_confirmation_template = None
object_history_template = None

16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    raw_id_fields = (FK字段, M2M字段,)

17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = (user,)

18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    exclude = (user,)

19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    readonly_fields = (user,)

20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        (基本数据, {
            fields: (user, pwd, ctime,)
        }),
        (其他, {
            classes: (collapse, wide, extrapretty),  # ‘collapse‘,‘wide‘, ‘extrapretty‘
            fields: (user, pwd),
        }),
    )

21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)

22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ordering = (-id,)
    或
    def get_ordering(self, request):
        return [-id, ]

23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set

view_on_site = False
或
def view_on_site(self, obj):
    return https://www.baidu.com

24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)

radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL

25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)
    # show_full_result_count = False  # 1 result (Show all)
    search_fields = (user,)

26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件

from django.forms import widgets
from django.utils.html import format_html
 
class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):
    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        # Use slightly better defaults than HTML‘s 20x2 box
        default_attrs = {cols: 40, rows: 10}
        if attrs:
            default_attrs.update(attrs)
        super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)
 
    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None:
            value = ‘‘
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
        return format_html(<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>,final_attrs, value)
 
 
 
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    formfield_overrides = {
        models.models.CharField: {widget: MyTextarea},
    }

27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}

PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充

28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证

from app01 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.forms import fields
 
 
class MyForm(ModelForm):
    others = fields.CharField()
 
    class Meta:
        model = models = models.UserInfo
        fields = "__all__"
 
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    form = MyForm

29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示"
 
    list_display = (user,pwd,up)
 
    def up(self,obj):
        return obj.user
    up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"

 









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