QSettings配置读写-win注册表操作-ini文件读写

Posted 2020-10-17 coologic

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本文标题：QSettings配置读写-win注册表操作-ini文件读写     本文地址：http://techieliang.com/2017/12/674/

文章目录

• 1. 介绍
• 2. 创建配置文件
•  2.1. 配置格式
•  2.2. 作用域
•  2.3. 关于组织、程序名
• 3. 配置文件读写
• 4. 范例
•  4.1. win下SystemScope、IniFormat
•  4.2. win下UserScope、IniFormat
•  4.3. win下不设置IniFormat、UserScope
•  4.4. win下不设置IniFormat、SystemScope
•  4.5. win下InvalidFormat、SystemScope
•  4.6. win下InvalidFormat、UserScope
• 5. AllKeys
• 6. 高级
•  6.1. 自定义读写配置方法
•  6.2. Win特例
•  6.3. setPath函数-不同模式、范围的默认路径

1. 介绍

官方帮助文档：QSettings

一套完整的配置文件读写机制，多平台支持，支持ini文件读写、win下注册表读写等操作。同时支持当前用户配置及当前系统配置两个作用范围。

2. 创建配置文件

配置文件涉及到作用域（scope）、文件名(filename)、组织名(organization)、程序名(application)、配置格式(format)等，下面是可用的构造函数：

1. QSettings(const QString &organization, const QString &application = QString(), QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //1
2. QSettings(Scope scope, const QString &organization, const QString &application = QString(), QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //2
3. QSettings(Format format, Scope scope, const QString &organization, const QString &application = QString(), QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //3
4. QSettings(const QString &fileName, Format format, QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //3
5. QSettings(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)

构造方式1在win下自动在注册表读写，2也一样

3如果设置为ini类型会在”C:/Users/XXXXX/AppData/Roaming/”用户范围建立ini文件，”C:/ProgramData/”系统范围

4可以指定文件名和类型

2.1. 配置格式

Constant	Value	Description
QSettings::NativeFormat	0	Store the settings using the most appropriate storage format for the platform. On Windows, this means the system registry; on macOS and ios, this means the CFPreferences API; on Unix, this means textual configuration files in INI format.
QSettings::Registry32Format	2	Windows only: Explicitly access the 32-bit system registry from a 64-bit application running on 64-bit Windows. On 32-bit Windows or from a 32-bit application on 64-bit Windows, this works the same as specifying NativeFormat. This enum value was added in Qt 5.7.
QSettings::Registry64Format	3	Windows only: Explicitly access the 64-bit system registry from a 32-bit application running on 64-bit Windows. On 32-bit Windows or from a 64-bit application on 64-bit Windows, this works the same as specifying NativeFormat. This enum value was added in Qt 5.7.
QSettings::IniFormat	1	Store the settings in INI files.
QSettings::InvalidFormat	16	Special value returned by registerFormat().

2.2. 作用域

QSettings::UserScope	0	Store settings in a location specific to the current user (e.g., in the user’s home directory).
QSettings::SystemScope	1	Store settings in a global location, so that all users on the same machine access the same set of settings.

如果设置作用域为用户，则先检查用户，如果没有再检查系统范围。如果设置为系统则不会检查用户。

2.3. 关于组织、程序名

程序具有全局唯一的组织及程序名，可以直接使用。如果需要单独建立则不需要

1. QSettings settings("Moose Soft", "Facturo-Pro");//自定义
2. //配置全局名称并使用
3. QCoreApplication::setOrganizationName("Moose Soft");
4. QCoreApplication::setApplicationName("Facturo-Pro");
5. QSettings settings;//此时可以无参数构造

3. 配置文件读写

读写配置：setValue、value

为了数据的分类明确还提供了配置分组功能，需要使用beginGroup、endGroup 注意begin开始后面代码表示在组内操作，若想访问组外内容必须先end

读写时可以不用group操作，通过以下方式也可表示组的概念：

1. settings.setValue("mainwindow/size", win->size());
2. settings.setValue("mainwindow/fullScreen", win->isFullScreen());
3. settings.setValue("outputpanel/visible", panel->isVisible());
4. //等效于：
5. settings.beginGroup("mainwindow");
6. settings.setValue("size", win->size());
7. settings.setValue("fullScreen", win->isFullScreen());
8. settings.endGroup();
9. settings.beginGroup("outputpanel");
10. settings.setValue("visible", panel->isVisible());
11. settings.endGroup();

同时支持数组beginReadArray、beginWriteArray、endArray 注意begin开始后面代码表示在组内操作，若想访问组外内容必须先end

除此以外还有remove删除配置内容，注意此删除是完全删除此配置项，不是把当前配置内容制空

在读数据之前可以使用contains判断是否有当前key的配置项

还有具有范围伤害的两个方法：clear删除所有配置项（注册表需要符合组合和程序名，ini就是清空）、allKeys读取当前group及下属所有配置项key的名称

4. 范例

上面的可能看不懂，下面遍历一遍win下的配置格式和作用域

4.1. win下SystemScope、IniFormat

1. #include <QCoreApplication>
2. #include <QDebug>
3. #include <QSettings>
4. int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
5. QCoreApplication a(argc,argv);
6. QSettings config(QSettings::IniFormat, QSettings::SystemScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
7. qDebug()<< config.fileName();
8. //写入配置文件
9. config.beginGroup("config");
10. config.setValue("user_name", "test");
11. config.setValue("key", 123);
12. config.endGroup();
13. config.beginGroup("config");
14. qDebug()<<config.value("user_name").toString()
15. <<config.value("key").toInt();
16. config.beginGroup("config");
17. return 0;
18. }
19. //"C:/ProgramData/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"
20. //"test" 123

4.2. win下UserScope、IniFormat

1. #include <QCoreApplication>
2. #include <QDebug>
3. #include <QSettings>
4. int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
5. QCoreApplication a(argc,argv);
6. QSettings config(QSettings::IniFormat, QSettings::UserScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
7. qDebug()<< config.fileName();
8. return 0;
9. }
10. //"C:/Users/XXXX/AppData/Roaming/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"
11. //XXXX用户名

4.3. win下不设置IniFormat、UserScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::UserScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. qDebug()<< config.fileName();
3.  
4. //"\\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\TechieLiang\\testQSettings"

4.4. win下不设置IniFormat、SystemScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::SystemScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. //"\\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\TechieLiang\\testQSettings"

4.5. win下InvalidFormat、SystemScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::InvalidFormat,QSettings::SystemScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. //"C:/ProgramData/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"

4.6. win下InvalidFormat、UserScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::InvalidFormat,QSettings::UserScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. //"C:/Users/XXXX/AppData/Roaming/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"
3. //XXXX用户名

5. AllKeys

1. QSettings settings;
2. settings.setValue("fridge/color", QColor(Qt::white));
3. settings.setValue("fridge/size", QSize(32, 96));
4. settings.setValue("sofa", true);
5. settings.setValue("tv", false);
6. QStringList keys = settings.allKeys();
7. // keys: ["fridge/color", "fridge/size", "sofa", "tv"]
8. settings.beginGroup("fridge");
9. keys = settings.allKeys();
10. // keys: ["color", "size"]

6. 高级

6.1. 自定义读写配置方法

registerFormat(const QString &extension, ReadFunc readFunc, WriteFunc writeFunc, Qt::CaseSensitivity caseSensitivity = Qt::CaseSensitive)

此方法可以注册自定义格式

1. bool readXmlFile(QIODevice &device, QSettings::SettingsMap &map);
2. bool writeXmlFile(QIODevice &device, const QSettings::SettingsMap &map);
3.  
4. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
5. {
6. const QSettings::Format XmlFormat =
7. QSettings::registerFormat("xml", readXmlFile, writeXmlFile);
8.  
9. QSettings settings(XmlFormat, QSettings::UserScope, "MySoft",
10. "Star Runner");
11.  
12. ...
13. }

6.2. Win特例

windows下可能一个key同时具有value和子项目，此时值需要通过Default或“.”来访问

On Windows, it is possible for a key to have both a value and subkeys. Its default value is accessed by using “Default” or “.” in place of a subkey:

1. settings.setValue("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\MySoft\\Star Runner\\Galaxy", "Milkyway");
2. settings.setValue("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\MySoft\\Star Runner\\Galaxy\\Sun", "OurStar");
3. settings.value("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\MySoft\\Star Runner\\Galaxy\\Default"); // returns "Milkyway"

6.3. setPath函数-不同模式、范围的默认路径

如果开始设置的范围、配置格式、文件路径不对，也可以通过此函数修改，主要是按默认路径

void QSettings::setPath(Format format, Scope scope, const QString &path)

对应的默认路径如下：

Platform	Format	Scope	Path
Windows	IniFormat	UserScope	FOLDERID_RoamingAppData
		SystemScope	FOLDERID_ProgramData
Unix	NativeFormat, IniFormat	UserScope	$HOME/.config
		SystemScope	/etc/xdg
Qt for Embedded Linux	NativeFormat, IniFormat	UserScope	$HOME/Settings
		SystemScope	/etc/xdg
macOS and iOS	IniFormat	UserScope	$HOME/.config
		SystemScope	/etc/xdg

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