一个三维点类Gpoint3的实现
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1 类设计
-
基本功能
(1)默认构造时,自动初始化为(0,0,0);
(2)支持点之间的加、减运算;
(3)支持点与常量数据的加、减、乘除运算;
(4)支持点之间的相等或不能判断
(5)如果把点类看作一个向量,应该支持向量的点乘、求模操作;
- 成员变量是采用private还是public属性
这是一个操作非常频繁的类,如果成员变量采用隐藏起来的方式,采用x()取值、采用setX()设置值,用起来很是不爽。
示例1:point.x = point1.x + point2.x; (简单易懂)
示例2: point.setX(point1.x() + point2.x()); (大量点运算时,很不爽)
- 采用普通类还是模版类
点类计算主要是一些基础数据类型运算,主要是int、double、float;
如果采用普通类的话,最好定义默认的数据类型为double,所有的点运算都按照双精度浮点型计算,这基本上满足了很大部分的计算需求;
尽管如此,本文还是采用模版类以满足通用性;
2 模版类定义
非模版类和类成员函数的声明在h文件中,实现在cpp文件中;但是模版类的声明和实现都在cpp中。
- 友元函数声明问题点:
重载符号operator- 时,声明前缺少template <typename T>; 调用point = point1 - value时出现无法解析的外部符号;
- 重载ostream问题
出现非法使用显示模版参数的错误,正确定义为operator<< <>,不需要尖括号中的T
- 定义别名,增强编程的可阅读性
typedef Gpoint3<int> Gpoint3i; typedef Gpoint3<float> Gpoint3f; typedef Gpoint3<double> Gpoint3d;
3 Gpoint3模板类实现
1 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2 // Copyright (C) 2017, DuanBeiChen, all rights reserved. 3 // 4 // Author : DuanBeiChen 5 // Create : 2017-12-10 09:21 6 // Mail : duanchristian2015@gmail.com 7 // Version : 1.0 8 // 9 // 10 // Description : 一个基本的三维点类 11 // (1)默认构造时,自动初始化为(0,0,0); 12 // (2)支持点之间的加、减运算, point3 = point1 + point2; 13 // (3)支持点与常量数据的加、减、乘除运算, point2 = point1 + x; 14 // (4)支持点之间的相等或不能判断; 15 // (5)如果把点类看作一个向量,应该支持向量的点乘、求模操作; 16 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 17 #pragma once 18 19 #ifndef _G_POINT3_H_ 20 #define _G_POINT3_H_ 21 22 #include <iostream> 23 namespace DB 24 { 25 26 template <typename T> class Gpoint3 27 { 28 public: 29 //default constructor 30 Gpoint3(); 31 32 //copy constructor 33 Gpoint3(const Gpoint3 &point1); 34 Gpoint3<T>& operator = (const Gpoint3<T> &point1); 35 36 //constructor 37 Gpoint3(T m_x,T m_y,T m_z); 38 39 ~Gpoint3(); 40 41 42 /* 重载运算符 */ 43 void operator += (const Gpoint3 &point1); 44 void operator -= (const Gpoint3 &point1); 45 void operator += (const T value); 46 void operator -= (const T value); 47 void operator *= (const T value); 48 void operator /= (const T value); 49 50 bool operator == (const Gpoint3 &point1); 51 bool operator != (const Gpoint3 &point1); 52 53 54 /* 重载操作流 ,可以删除声明 */ 55 template <typename T> 56 friend std::ostream& operator<< <> (std::ostream &out, const Gpoint3<T> &point1); 57 58 /* 友元函数 ,这部分声明可以删除 */ 59 template <typename T> 60 friend Gpoint3<T> operator+ (const Gpoint3<T> &point1,const Gpoint3<T> &point2); 61 template <typename T> 62 friend Gpoint3<T> operator- (const Gpoint3<T> &point1,const Gpoint3<T> &point2); 63 template <typename T> 64 friend Gpoint3<T> operator+ (const T value ,const Gpoint3<T> &point2); 65 template <typename T> 66 friend Gpoint3<T> operator- (const T value ,const Gpoint3<T> &point2); 67 template <typename T> 68 friend Gpoint3<T> operator* (const T value ,const Gpoint3<T> &point2); 69 template <typename T> 70 friend Gpoint3<T> operator+ (const Gpoint3<T> &point1,const T value); 71 template <typename T> 72 friend Gpoint3<T> operator- (const Gpoint3<T> &point1,const T value); 73 template <typename T> 74 friend Gpoint3<T> operator* (const Gpoint3<T> &point1,const T value); 75 76 public: 77 T x; 78 T y; 79 T z; 80 81 }; 82 83 84 /************************************************************************/ 85 /* 构造函数和析构函数 86 /************************************************************************/ 87 template <typename T> 88 DB::Gpoint3<T>::Gpoint3(): x(0) ,y(0) ,z(0) { } 89 90 template <typename T> 91 inline DB::Gpoint3<T>::Gpoint3(const Gpoint3 &point1) : x(point1.x) , y(point1.y) ,z(point1.z){ } 92 93 template <typename T> 94 inline DB::Gpoint3<T>::Gpoint3( T m_x,T m_y,T m_z ): x(m_x), y(m_y), z(m_z){ } 95 96 template <typename T> 97 inline Gpoint3<T>& DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator=( const Gpoint3<T> &point1 ) 98 { 99 x = point1.x; 100 y = point1.y; 101 z = point1.z; 102 103 return *this; 104 } 105 106 template <typename T> 107 DB::Gpoint3<T>::~Gpoint3() 108 { 109 x = 0; 110 y = 0; 111 z = 0; 112 } 113 114 /************************************************************************/ 115 /* 重载运算符 116 /************************************************************************/ 117 template <typename T> 118 inline void DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator+=( const Gpoint3 &point1 ) 119 { 120 x += point1.x; 121 y += point1.y; 122 z += point1.z; 123 } 124 125 template <typename T> 126 inline void DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator-=( const Gpoint3 &point1 ) 127 { 128 x -= point1.x; 129 y -= point1.y; 130 z -= point1.z; 131 } 132 133 template <typename T> 134 inline void DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator+=(const T value) 135 { 136 x += value; 137 y += value; 138 z += value; 139 } 140 141 template <typename T> 142 inline void DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator-=(const T value) 143 { 144 x -= value; 145 y -= value; 146 z -= value; 147 } 148 149 template < typename T> 150 inline void DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator*= ( const T value) 151 { 152 x *= value; 153 y *= value; 154 z *= value; 155 } 156 157 template < typename T> 158 inline void DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator/= ( const T value) 159 { 160 if(abs(value) > 1e-7) 161 { 162 x /= value; 163 y /= value; 164 z /= value; 165 } 166 } 167 168 template <typename T> 169 inline bool DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator== (const Gpoint3 &point1) 170 { 171 return (x == point1.x && y == point1.y && z == point1.z); 172 } 173 174 template <typename T> 175 inline bool DB::Gpoint3<T>::operator!= (const Gpoint3 &point1) 176 { 177 return !(x == point1.x && y == point1.y && z == point1.z); 178 } 179 180 181 /************************************************************************/ 182 /* Gpoint3 : non - member function 183 /************************************************************************/ 184 template <typename T> 185 inline Gpoint3<T> operator+ (const Gpoint3<T> &point1, const Gpoint3<T> &point2) 186 { 187 Gpoint3<T> tempPoint; 188 tempPoint.x = point1.x + point2.x; 189 tempPoint.y = point1.y + point2.y; 190 tempPoint.z = point1.z + point2.z; 191 192 return tempPoint; 193 } 194 195 template <typename T> 196 inline Gpoint3<T> operator- (const Gpoint3<T> &point1, const Gpoint3<T> &point2) 197 { 198 Gpoint3<T> tempPoint; 199 tempPoint.x = point1.x - point2.x; 200 tempPoint.y = point1.y - point2.y; 201 tempPoint.z = point1.z - point2.z; 202 203 return tempPoint; 204 } 205 206 template <typename T> 207 inline Gpoint3<T> operator+ (const Gpoint3<T> &point1 , const T value) 208 { 209 Gpoint3<T> tempPoint; 210 tempPoint.x = point1.x + value; 211 tempPoint.y = point1.y + value; 212 tempPoint.z = point1.z + value; 213 214 return tempPoint; 215 } 216 217 template <typename T> 218 inline Gpoint3<T> operator- (const Gpoint3<T> &point1 , const T value) 219 { 220 Gpoint3<T> tempPoint; 221 tempPoint.x = point1.x - value; 222 tempPoint.y = point1.y - value; 223 tempPoint.z = point1.z - value; 224 225 return tempPoint; 226 } 227 228 template <typename T> 229 inline Gpoint3<T> operator* (const Gpoint3<T> &point1 , const T value) 230 { 231 Gpoint3<T> tempPoint; 232 tempPoint.x = point1.x * value; 233 tempPoint.y = point1.y * value; 234 tempPoint.z = point1.z * value; 235 236 return tempPoint; 237 } 238 239 template <typename T> 240 inline Gpoint3<T> operator/ (const Gpoint3<T> &point1 , const T value) 241 { 242 Gpoint3<T> tempPoint; 243 244 if(abs(value) > 1e-7) 245 { 246 tempPoint.x = point1.x / value; 247 tempPoint.y = point1.y / value; 248 tempPoint.z = point1.z / value; 249 } 250 251 return tempPoint; 252 } 253 254 template <typename T> 255 inline Gpoint3<T> operator+ (const T value, const Gpoint3<T> &point2) 256 { 257 return (point2 + value); 258 } 259 260 template <typename T> 261 inline Gpoint3<T> operator- (const T value, const Gpoint3<T> &point2) 262 { 263 Gpoint3<T> tempPoint; 264 tempPoint.x = value - point2.x; 265 tempPoint.y = value - point2.y; 266 tempPoint.z = value - point2.z; 267 268 return tempPoint; 269 270 } 271 272 template <typename T> 273 inline Gpoint3<T> operator* (const T value, const Gpoint3<T> &point2) 274 { 275 return (point2 * value); 276 } 277 278 279 /************************************************************************/ 280 /* 文件流 281 /************************************************************************/ 282 template <typename T> 283 std::ostream& operator<< <>(std::ostream &out,const Gpoint3<T> &point1) 284 { 285 out << point1.x << " " << point1.y << " " << point1.z; 286 return out; 287 } 288 289 typedef Gpoint3<int> Gpoint3i; 290 typedef Gpoint3<float> Gpoint3f; 291 typedef Gpoint3<double> Gpoint3d; 292 293 } 294 295 296 #endif
4 模版类测试
1 #include "Gpoint3.h" 2 3 int main() 4 { 5 6 DB::Gpoint3<int> point1; 7 std::cout << " point1 is " << point1 << std::endl; 8 9 DB::Gpoint3<float> point2(1.0,2.0,3.0); 10 DB::Gpoint3<float> point3(2.2,3.5,4.1); 11 point3 += point2; 12 std::cout << " point2 is " << point2 << std::endl; 13 std::cout << " point3 is " << point3 << std::endl; 14 15 point3 *= 10; 16 std::cout << " point3 is " << point3 << std::endl; 17 18 DB::Gpoint3<float> point4(10.0,10.0,10.0); 19 point4 /= 1e-6; 20 std::cout << " point4 is " << point4 << std::endl; 21 22 DB::Gpoint3<double> point5(1.2,1.2,1); 23 DB::Gpoint3<double> point6 = (double)5 + point5 - (double)2; 24 25 point5 = point6; 26 27 if(point5 == point6) 28 { 29 std::cout << " point5 is equal to point6 " << std::endl; 30 std::cout << point6 << std::endl; 31 } 32 else 33 { 34 std::cout << " point5 is not equal to point6 " << std::endl; 35 } 36 37 }
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