ORM练习项目-图书管理系统（BMS）实现细节

Posted 2020-10-17

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分析

一本书可以由多个作者编著
一本书只能由一个出版社出版
一个作者可以写多本书
每个作者有自己的简介

对应关系：

Author-Book # 多对多
Publish-Book # 一对多
Author-AuhtorDetail # 一对一

如何创建：

多对多：ManyToManyField
一对多：ForeignKey
一对一：OneToOneField

注意：创建一对多表的时候，ForeignKey建在多的那一方。另外两个随意建在哪一方。

目录结构

技术分享图片

配置 settings.py

注册app:INSTALLED_APPS 项中添加bms

配置静态文件：

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘bms‘, ‘static‘)
]

配置模板：

TEMPLATES中添加：

‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates‘)]

配置路由分发

DjangoBMS.urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    url(r‘^bms/‘, include(‘bms.urls‘)),
]

配置母模

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    {% block page-css %}
    {% endblock %}
<body>
{% block page-main %}
{% endblock %}

<script src="/static/js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
{% block page-js %}
{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

layout

创建数据库表结构

bms.models.py

from django.db import models


class Publish(models.Model):
    # 出版社
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()


class AuhtorDetail(models.Model):
    # 作者简介
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()


class Author(models.Model):
    # 作者
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    detail = models.OneToOneField(‘AuhtorDetail‘)


class Book(models.Model):
    # 书籍
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publishDate = models.DateField()
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)  # 最大 999.99
    publish = models.ForeignKey(‘Publish‘)  # 一对多
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(‘Author‘)  # 多对多

生成表命令：

python manange.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

数据增删改查

作者-作者详情

增加-显示：

from django.conf.urls import url
from bms import views
urlpatterns = [

    url(r‘^indexAuthor/‘,views.indexAutor),
    url(r‘^addAuthor/‘,views.addAuthor),
]

urls.py

def indexAutor(request):
    author_list = Author.objects.all()
    return render(request, ‘indexAuthor.html‘, {‘author_list‘: author_list})


def addAuthor(request):
    if request.method == ‘POST‘:
        name = request.POST.get(‘name‘)
        age = request.POST.get(‘age‘)
        addr = request.POST.get(‘addr‘)
        email = request.POST.get(‘email‘)
        detail_obj = AuhtorDetail.objects.create(addr=addr, email=email)
        Author.objects.create(name=name, age=age, detail_id=detail_obj.id)
        return redirect(‘/bms/indexAuthor/‘)
    return render(request, ‘addAuthor.html‘)

views.py

{% extends ‘layout.html‘ %}

{% block page-main %}

    <div class="container">

        <div>
        <span class="h1">
            图书管理系统
            <small>
                作者管理
            </small>
         </span>
        </div>
    <p><a href="/bms/addAuthor/" class="btn btn-sm bg-primary">添加</a></p>
        <div class="table-responsive">

        <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
    <th>id</th>
    <th>作者姓名</th>
    <th>作者年龄</th>
    <th>作者住址</th>
    <th>作者邮箱</th>
    <th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
            <tbody>
            {% for author in author_list %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ author.id }}</td>
                <td>{{ author.name }}</td>
                <td>{{ author.age }}</td>
                <td>{{ author.detail.addr }}</td>
                <td>{{ author.detail.email}}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="" class="btn btn-sm bg-danger">删除</a>
                    <a href="" class="btn btn-sm bg-primary">编辑</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
            {% endfor %}
            </tbody>
        </table>
        </div>
    </div>

{% endblock %}

indexAuthor.html

{% extends ‘layout.html‘ %}

{% block page-main %}

    <div class="container">

        <div class="panel panel-primary">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title">添加作者 </h3>
            </div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <!--表单开始-->
                <form class="form-horizontal" action="/bms/addAuthor/" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="inputName" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-3">
                            <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" id="inputName" placeholder="姓名">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="inputAge" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-3">
                            <input type="text" name="age" class="form-control" id="inputAge" placeholder="年龄">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="inputAddr" class="col-sm-2 control-label">住址</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-3">
                            <input type="text" name="addr" class="form-control" id="inputAddr" placeholder="住址">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="inputEmail" class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-3">
                            <input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail" placeholder="邮箱">
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <div class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-2">
                            <input type="submit" value="提交" class="bg-primary">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </form>
                <!--表单结束-->
            </div>
        </div>

    </div>

{% endblock %}

addAuthor.html

出版社

增加-显示

from django.conf.urls import url
from bms import views
urlpatterns = [

    url(r‘^indexAuthor/‘,views.indexAutor),
    url(r‘^addAuthor/‘,views.addAuthor),
    url(r‘^indexPublish/‘,views.indexPublish),
    url(r‘^addPublish/‘,views.addPublish),
]

urls.py

# 显示出版社
def indexPublish(request):
    publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
    return render(request, ‘indexPublish.html‘, {‘publish_list‘: publish_list})


# 添加出版社
def addPublish(request):
    if request.method == ‘POST‘:
        name = request.POST.get(‘name‘)
        email = request.POST.get(‘email‘)
        Publish.objects.create(name=name, email=email)
        return redirect(‘/bms/indexPublish/‘)
    return render(request, ‘addPublish.html‘)

views.py

{% extends ‘layout.html‘ %}

{% block page-main %}

    <div class="container">

        <div>
        <span class="h1">
            图书管理系统
            <small>
                出版社管理
            </small>
         </span>
        </div>
        <br>
        <hr>
        <br>
        <p><a href="/bms/addPublish/" class="btn btn-sm bg-primary">添加</a></p>
        <div class="table-responsive">

            <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>出版社名称</th>
                    <th>出版社邮箱</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for publish in publish_list %}
                    <tr>
                        <td>{{ publish.name }}</td>
                        <td>{{ publish.email }}</td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="" class="btn btn-sm bg-danger">删除</a>
                            <a href="" class="btn btn-sm bg-primary">编辑</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>

{% endblock %}

indexPublish.html

{% extends ‘layout.html‘ %}

{% block page-main %}

    <div class="container">

        <div class="panel panel-primary">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title">添加出版社 </h3>
            </div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <!--表单开始-->
                <form class="form-horizontal" action="/bms/addPublish/" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="inputName" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版社名称</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-3">
                            <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" id="inputName" placeholder="出版社名称">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="inputEmail" class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-3">
                            <input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail" placeholder="邮箱">
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <div class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-2">
                            <input type="submit" value="提交" class="bg-primary">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </form>
                <!--表单结束-->
            </div>
        </div>

    </div>

{% endblock %}

addPublish.html

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