grep命令与正则表达式（过滤）二
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例子
1.过滤出带有某个关键词的行，并输出行号。
[[email protected] ~]# grep -n ‘root‘ 1.txt 1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash 11:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
2.过滤出不带有某个关键词的，并输出行号。
[[email protected] ~]# grep -vn ‘root‘ 1.txt 2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin 3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin 4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin 5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin 6:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync 7:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown 8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt 9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin 10:uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin 12:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 13:gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin 14:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 15:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin 16:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin 17:vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin 18:rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin 19:saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin 20:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin 21:haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin 22:rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin 23:nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin 24:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 25:mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
过滤出所有包含数字的行
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘[0-9]‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
过滤出所有包含a或N打字母行
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘[aN]‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
过滤出所有的大小写字母（正则表达式）
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘[a-zA-N]‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
过滤出所有不包含大小字母（取反）
[[email protected] ~]# grep -v ‘[a-zA-N]‘ 1.txt 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 &&&&&&&&&&&&&********************^^^^^^&^6
匹配以字母开头的行
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘^[a-z]‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
匹配以数字开头的行
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘^[0-9]‘ 1.txt 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
匹配不包含数字的行
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘^[^0-9]‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin &&&&&&&&&&&&&********************^^^^^^&^6
匹配包含空行
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘^$‘ 1.txt
匹配空行之外的行
[[email protected] ~]# grep -v ‘^$‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 &&&&&&&&&&&&&********************^^^^^^&^6
特殊符号
.任意一个字符
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘r.o‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin [[email protected] ~]# cg ‘r.o‘ 1.txt
*表示任意0或多个匹配
[[email protected] ~]# cg ‘r*o‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsoa:x:69:69:virtual aconsole memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Da*emon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65a534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
任意任个字符 r开头o结尾（贪婪匹配）
[[email protected] ~]# cg ‘r.*o‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin vcsoa:x:69:69:virtual aconsole memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Da*emon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65a534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
？
[[email protected] ~]# cg ‘r\?o‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsoa:x:69:69:virtual aconsole memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Da*emon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65a534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
[[email protected] ~]# cg -E ‘r?o‘ 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin vcsoa:x:69:69:virtual aconsole memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Da*emon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65a534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
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