Django之form表单认证

Posted 2020-10-15 黎明NB

 

Model常用操作：
   - 参数：filter  三种传参方式
   - all（得到的是列表）,values（字典）,values_list（元祖）
      
      [obj(id,name,pwd,email),obj(id,name,pwd,email),]
      models.UserInfo.objects.all() #取到所有的值
      
      [obj(id,name,email)] # pwd未取值
      data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().only(\'name\',\'email\') #通过only可以取到里面指定的数据
      
      for item in data_list:
         item.id
         item.name
         
      [obj(id,pwd)] # pwd未取值
      data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().defer(\'name\',\'email\')#这是不要取到这个字段
      
      for item in data_list:
         item.id
         item.pwd  #如果only里没有这个字段可以.到但是最好不要这样取值因为是重新取值一次

路由系统：
   
   反向生成URL：（ url 三种方式）
      /index/     func    name=a1
         {% url "a1"}#这个放在html页面
         reverse(\'x\')# 这个放到views函数里面
         
      /index/(\\d+)/     func    name=a2
         {% url "a2" 11 %}
         reverse(\'x\',args=(11,))
         
      /index/(?P<nid>\\d+)/     func    name=a3
         {% url "a2" nid=11 %}
         reverse(\'x\',kwargs={\'nid\':11})

这是url反向解析的另一种形式：

Django生命周期：
   - wsgi
      - wsgiref
      - uwsgi
      
Http请求本质：
   a1=123&a2=456    如果POST方法发送数据，数据放在url里面也可以取到
   
   {a1:13}   

1. 数据库设计
   - 属性相同归类到一张表中
   - 连表有性能消耗
      - 连表设计：
         class UserType(models.Model):
            """
            用户类型表,个数经常变动
            """
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

         class UserInfo(models.Model):
            """
            用户表：讲师和班主任
            """
            username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
            email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            ut = models.ForeignKey(to="UserType")
      - choices  #这个适合用在字段类型不经常变动的情况下
            # class UserInfo(models.Model):
            #     """
            #     用户表
            #     """
            #     username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            #     password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
            #     email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            #
            #     user_type_choices = (
            #         (1, \'班主任\'),
            #         (2, \'讲师\'),
            #     )
            #
            #     user_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)
   - 一张表中对同一个其他表做FK，M2M时，主要 related_name
   - 注释
   
   - 补充：
         """
         ID     Title
          1      图片
          2      挨踢1024
          3      段子
         """
         class NewsType(models.Model):
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

         """
         ID   Title  Summary   News_Type
         1    t....   科技...     2
         2    t....   科技...     1
         3    t....   科技...     2

         """
         class News(models.Model):
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            summary = models.CharField(max_length=255)
            news_type = models.ForeignKey(to="NewsType")

         # 查看所有新闻
         new_list = News.objects.all()
         for row in new_list:
            print(row.title,row.summary,row.news_type.title)





         """
         ID   Title  Summary   News_Type
         1    t....   科技...     2
         2    t....   科技...     1
         3    t....   科技...     2

         """
         class News(models.Model):
            title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            summary = models.CharField(max_length=255)

            news_type_chices = (
               (1,\'图片\'),
               (2,\'挨踢1024\'),
               (3,\'段子\'),
            )
            news_type = models.IntegerField(choices=news_type_chices)

         # 查看所有新闻
         new_list = News.objects.all()
         for row in new_list:
            print(row.title,row.summary,  row.get_news_type_display()  )
   
2. 登录
   - 装饰器
   - Django内置+自定义配置文件
3. 老师管理
   - Form组件 
      - 创建类，继承Form
      - 创建字段，字段=正则表达式； PS: 字段名称，required,  error_messages = {required,invalid}
      - form = MyForm(data=request.POST)
      - form.is_valid()
      - form.cleaned_data
      - form.errors
      
   Form组件 
      1. 用户请求数据验证
      2. 自动生成错误信息
      3. 打包用户提交正确信息
      4. 错误：保留上次输入内容
      5. 定制页面上显示的HTML标签
      Django Form组件
      1. 创建规则（类，字段）
         class Foo:
            username = xxx
            password = xxx
            email = xxx
      2. 数据和规则进行匹配
         form = Foo(data=xxx,initial=初始化)
         form.is_valid()
         form.cleaned_data
         form.errors



views代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.conf import settings
# Create your views here.

from app01 import models
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,\'login.html\')
    elif request.method =="POST":
        user = request.POST.get(\'user\')
        pwd = request.POST.get(\'pwd\')
        user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
        if not user:
            return render(request, \'login.html\',{\'msg\':\'用户名或密码错误\'})
        # request.session[\'user_info\'] = {\'id\':user.id, \'username\':user.username}

        request.session[settings.SJF] = {\'id\':user.id, \'username\':user.username}
        return redirect(\'/index/\')
    else:
        return HttpResponse(\'滚\')

def auth(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        user_info = request.session.get(settings.SJF)
        if not user_info:
            return redirect(\'/login/\')
        return func(request,*args,**kwargs)
    return inner

@auth
def index(request):
    username = request.session[settings.SJF][\'username\']
    return render(request,\'index.html\',{\'username\':username})


@auth
def teachers(request):
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut__title=\'讲师\')
    teacher_list = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut_id=1)

    return render(request,\'teachers.html\',{\'teacher_list\':teacher_list})

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class TeacherForm(Form):
    username = fields.CharField(
        required=True,
        error_messages={\'required\':\'用户名不能为空\'},
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={\'placeholder\':\'用户名\',\'class\':\'form-control\'})
    ) # 不能为空
    password = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={\'required\':\'密码不能为空\'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={\'placeholder\':\'密码\',\'class\':\'form-control\'})) # 不能为空
    email = fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={\'required\':\'邮箱不能为空\',\'invalid\':\'邮箱格式错误\'},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={\'placeholder\':\'邮箱\',\'class\':\'form-control\'}))   # 不能为空，且邮箱格式


@auth
def add_teacher(request):
    if request.method == \'GET\':
        form = TeacherForm()
        return render(request,\'add_teacher.html\',{\'form\':form})
    else:
        """
        1. 用户请求数据验证
        2. 自动生成错误信息
        3. 打包用户提交正确信息
        4. 错误：保留上次输入内容
        5. 定制页面上显示的HTML标签
        Django Form组件
        1. 创建规则（类，字段）
            class Foo:
                username = xxx
                password = xxx
                email = xxx
        2. 数据和规则进行匹配
        """
        form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST) # 数据和规则放置一起
        if form.is_valid():                       # 开始校验,并获取校验结果
            # print(\'执行成功\',form.cleaned_data)          # 所有匹配成功，字典
            # {\'username\': \'asd\', \'password\': \'sdf\', \'email\': \'[e-mail]\',\'ut_id\':1}
            form.cleaned_data[\'ut_id\'] = 1
            models.UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
            return redirect(\'/teachers/\')

        return render(request, \'add_teacher.html\',{\'form\':form})

@auth
def edit_teacher(request,nid):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid,ut_id=1).first()
    if not obj:
        return redirect(\'/teachers/\')

    if request.method == "GET":
        # 显示input，并且将数据库中的默认值填写到input框中
        form = TeacherForm(initial={\'username\':obj.username,\'password\':obj.password,\'email\':obj.email})
        return render(request,\'edit_teacher.html\',{\'form\':form})
    else:
        form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # 校验成功
            models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data)
            return redirect(\'/teachers/\')
        return render(request,\'edit_teacher.html\',{\'form\':form})


class TestForm(Form):
    caption = fields.CharField()
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(1,\'讲师\'),(2,\'班主任\')])
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list(\'id\',\'username\'))
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserType.objects.values_list(\'id\',\'title\'))
    xxx = fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list(\'id\',\'username\'))

def test(request):
    form = TestForm(initial={\'xxx\':4})
    form = TestForm(initial={\'xxx\':[1,2,3]})
    return render(request,\'test.html\',{\'form\':form})

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