前言
习惯了Spring全家桶,对spring的容器爱不释手。使用dropwizard,看起来确实很轻,然而,真正使用的时候不得不面临一个问题。我们不可能一个resource就能把所有的业务逻辑囊括!那么,必然就要有负责处理逻辑的代码,有要提取的公共的代码,要做面向接口开发等等。按照简单的用法,Java Bean就自己new,只要通过Jersey提供的web能力发出去就好。这样写下来,到处都需要new,难以测试等等。目前我最care的是,每个request过来都要new一堆重复的对象,垃圾回收频繁。写个单例不就解决了?是的,当然要想到单例,然后发现几乎所有的类都是设计成单例的。然后,一堆单例的代码写的死。这就是样板代码。于是,想到提取工具类,算了,不如用Dagger好了。
什么是Dagger
Dagger是Java里开源的DI框架中最火的之一,主要用在android领域,很多特性也多针对Android开发的。因为Android开发对省电,性能之类的要求比较高,因此抛弃了反射,直接在编译级别生成工厂。详细学习测试:Dagger2之helloworld原理探究
Demo Source
https://github.com/Ryan-Miao/l4dropwizard
structure
.
├── pom.xml
├── readme.md
└── src
└── main
├── java
│ └── com
│ └── test
│ ├── HelloWorldApplication.java
│ ├── bundles
│ │ └── ConnectivityBundle.java
│ ├── configuration
│ │ ├── HelloWorldConfiguration.java
│ │ └── modules
│ │ ├── ConnectAndReadConfig.java
│ │ └── GithubApiConfig.java
│ └── domain
│ ├── connect
│ │ ├── FeignClientBuilder.java
│ │ ├── GithubClient.java
│ │ └── GithubConnector.java
│ ├── entiry
│ │ ├── GithubUser.java
│ │ └── Saying.java
│ ├── exception
│ │ └── UpstreamException.java
│ ├── health
│ │ └── TemplateHealthCheck.java
│ ├── ioc
│ │ ├── component
│ │ │ └── GithubComponent.java
│ │ └── module
│ │ ├── ConfigurationModule.java
│ │ ├── ConnectorModule.java
│ │ └── ServiceModule.java
│ ├── resource
│ │ ├── GithubResource.java
│ │ └── HelloWorldResource.java
│ └── service
│ ├── IGithubService.java
│ └── impl
│ └── GithubService.java
└── resources
└── config
└── dev.yml
本文基于之前的dropwizard入门演进.
添加dagger依赖
在properties
结点下新增
<dagger.verion>2.12</dagger.verion>
在dependencies下新增
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.dagger</groupId>
<artifactId>dagger</artifactId>
<version>${dagger.verion}</version>
</dependency>
在build.plugins
下新增plugin
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<annotationProcessorPaths>
<path>
<groupId>com.google.dagger</groupId>
<artifactId>dagger-compiler</artifactId>
<version>${dagger.verion}</version>
</path>
</annotationProcessorPaths>
</configuration>
</plugin>
在IDEA设置中,找到Build>Compiler>Annotation Processors
, 选择Enable annotation processing
.
创建一个Component
下面创建Component,用来包容Resource类,对外提供Resource类。新建com.test.domain.ioc.component.GithubComponent
package com.test.domain.ioc.component;
import com.test.domain.ioc.module.ServiceModule;
import com.test.domain.resource.GithubResource;
import dagger.Component;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
/**
* Created by Ryan Miao on 10/26/17.
*/
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {ServiceModule.class})
public interface GithubComponent {
GithubResource gitHubResource();
}
显然,这个GithubResource
需要注入一个service,于是声明一个ServiceModule
, 创建com.test.domain.ioc.module.ServiceModule
package com.test.domain.ioc.module;
import com.test.domain.service.IGithubService;
import com.test.domain.service.impl.GithubService;
import dagger.Module;
import dagger.Provides;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
/**
* Created by Ryan Miao on 10/26/17.
*/
@Module(includes = ConnectorModule.class)
public class ServiceModule {
@Singleton
@Provides
public IGithubService githubService(GithubService service) {
return service;
}
}
ServiceModule
用来提供service注入,service接着依赖connector层,新建com.test.domain.ioc.module.ConnectorModule
package com.test.domain.ioc.module;
import com.test.domain.connect.FeignClientBuilder;
import dagger.Module;
import dagger.Provides;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
/**
* Created by Ryan Miao on 10/26/17.
*/
@Module(includes = ConfigurationModule.class)
public class ConnectorModule {
@Provides
@Singleton
public FeignClientBuilder feignClientBuilder(){
return new FeignClientBuilder();
}
}
在connecttor
层中,需要调用GlobalConfiguration的配置项,所以,单独把配置提出来,引入。新增com.test.domain.ioc.module.ConfigurationModule
package com.test.domain.ioc.module;
import com.test.configuration.HelloWorldConfiguration;
import dagger.Module;
import dagger.Provides;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
/**
* Created by Ryan Miao on 11/20/17.
*/
@Module
public class ConfigurationModule {
private final HelloWorldConfiguration configuration;
public ConfigurationModule(HelloWorldConfiguration configuration) {
this.configuration = configuration;
}
@Provides
@Singleton
public HelloWorldConfiguration helloWorldConfiguration(){
return configuration;
}
}
这是依赖的最底层,我们通过手动构造函数的方式注入configuration,这样可以在dropwizard启动时生成module,并且得到configuration。
引入我们的Component
这时候,build一下,dagger就会自动生成我们的工厂。
mvn clean install
然后,在IDEA里的maven plugin里,右键,reimport。防止IDEA不认识dagger自动生成的类。dagger自动生成的类位于target/generated-sources/annotations
. 点击刷新按钮,刷新下maven依赖。
然后,在com.test.HelloWorldApplication
中,新增
private void registerResources(HelloWorldConfiguration configuration, Environment environment) {
GithubComponent component = DaggerGithubComponent.builder()
.configurationModule(new ConfigurationModule(configuration))
.build();
environment.jersey().register(component.gitHubResource());
}
DaggerGithubComponent
要在maven install之后,dagger生成的。完整启动类如下:
public class HelloWorldApplication extends Application<HelloWorldConfiguration> {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new HelloWorldApplication().run(args);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "hello-world";
}
@Override
public void initialize(Bootstrap<HelloWorldConfiguration> bootstrap) {
bootstrap.addBundle(new ConnectivityBundle());
}
@Override
public void run(HelloWorldConfiguration configuration, Environment environment) throws Exception {
final HelloWorldResource resource = new HelloWorldResource(
configuration.getTemplate(),
configuration.getDefaultName()
);
final TemplateHealthCheck healthCheck =
new TemplateHealthCheck(configuration.getTemplate());
environment.healthChecks().register("template", healthCheck);
environment.jersey().register(resource);
environment.jersey().register(healthCheck);
registerResources(configuration, environment);
}
private void registerResources(HelloWorldConfiguration configuration, Environment environment) {
GithubComponent component = DaggerGithubComponent.builder()
.configurationModule(new ConfigurationModule(configuration))
.build();
environment.jersey().register(component.gitHubResource());
}
}
当然,我们的Resource也要改成Inject模式
public class GithubResource {
private IGithubService service;
@Inject
public GithubResource(IGithubService service) {
this.service = service;
}
@GET
@Timed
@Path("/users/{username}")
public GithubUser getUserProfile(@PathParam("username") final String username) {
return service.getUserProfile(username);
}
}
启动,运行。一切OK。以后就可以在需要注入的类的构造器上声明@Inject
, 或者在module里@Provide
,就可以实现构造解耦。测试不要太方便.