Django_内置Admin

Posted hedeyong11

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Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:

技术分享图片
    依赖APP:
        django.contrib.auth
        django.contrib.contenttypes
        django.contrib.messages
        django.contrib.sessions

    模板的context_processors:
        django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
        django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages

    中间件:
        django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware 
        django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
Django Admin内部依赖

一. 配置路由

    urlpatterns = [
            url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
        ]

当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:

/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/

/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/

二. 定制Admin

在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:

admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)

但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:

方式一:
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘,)

    admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表
    

方式二:
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)                # 第一个参数可以是列表
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘,) 

ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如

1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘, ‘xxxxx‘)

    def xxxxx(self, obj):
        return "xxxxx"

2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘, ‘xxxxx‘)
    list_display_links = (‘pwd‘,)

3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。

from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘)

    class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
        title = _(‘decade born‘)
        parameter_name = ‘xxxxxx‘

        def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
            """
            显示筛选选项
            :param request: 
            :param model_admin: 
            :return: 
            """
            return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list(‘id‘, ‘title‘)

        def queryset(self, request, queryset):
            """
            点击查询时,进行筛选
            :param request: 
            :param queryset: 
            :return: 
            """
            v = self.value()
            return queryset.filter(ug=v)

    list_filter = (‘user‘,Ugg,)

4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related

5. 分页相关

# 分页,每页显示条数
    list_per_page = 100

# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)
    list_max_show_all = 200

# 分页插件
    paginator = Paginator

6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘,‘ug‘,)
    list_editable = (‘ug‘,)

7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    
    search_fields = (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘)

8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    date_hierarchy = ‘ctime‘

9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件

10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”

11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑

save_as_continue = True

# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。

New in Django 1.10.

12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮

13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除

class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline
    extra = 0
    model = models.UserInfo


class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (‘id‘, ‘title‘,)
    inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]

14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    # 定制Action行为具体方法
    def func(self, request, queryset):
        print(self, request, queryset)
        print(request.POST.getlist(‘_selected_action‘))

    func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"
    actions = [func, ]

    # Action选项都是在页面上方显示
    actions_on_top = True
    # Action选项都是在页面下方显示
    actions_on_bottom = False

    # 是否显示选择个数
    actions_selection_counter = True

15. 定制html模板

        add_form_template = None
        change_form_template = None
        change_list_template = None
        delete_confirmation_template = None
        delete_selected_confirmation_template = None
        object_history_template = None

16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    raw_id_fields = (‘FK字段‘, ‘M2M字段‘,)

17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = (‘user‘,)

18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    exclude = (‘user‘,)

19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    readonly_fields = (‘user‘,)

20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        (‘基本数据‘, {
            ‘fields‘: (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘, ‘ctime‘,)
        }),
        (‘其他‘, {
            ‘classes‘: (‘collapse‘, ‘wide‘, ‘extrapretty‘),  # ‘collapse‘,‘wide‘, ‘extrapretty‘
            ‘fields‘: (‘user‘, ‘pwd‘),
        }),
    )

21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)

22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ordering = (‘-id‘,)
    或
    def get_ordering(self, request):
        return [‘-id‘, ]

23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set

view_on_site = False
或
def view_on_site(self, obj):
    return ‘https://www.baidu.com‘

24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)

radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL

25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)
    # show_full_result_count = False  # 1 result (Show all)
    search_fields = (‘user‘,)

26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件

from django.forms import widgets
from django.utils.html import format_html

class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):
    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        # Use slightly better defaults than HTML‘s 20x2 box
        default_attrs = {‘cols‘: ‘40‘, ‘rows‘: ‘10‘}
        if attrs:
            default_attrs.update(attrs)
        super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None:
            value = ‘‘
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
        return format_html(‘<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>‘,final_attrs, value)



@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    formfield_overrides = {
        models.models.CharField: {‘widget‘: MyTextarea},
    }

27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}

PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充

28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证

from app01 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.forms import fields


class MyForm(ModelForm):
    others = fields.CharField()

    class Meta:
        model = models = models.UserInfo
        fields = "__all__"

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    form = MyForm

29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示"

    list_display = (‘user‘,‘pwd‘,‘up‘)

    def up(self,obj):
        return obj.user
    up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"

  









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