JavaMail学习笔记帐号激活与忘记密码 实例(zhuan)
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一、帐户激活
在很多时候,在某些网站注册一个用户之后,网站会给这个用户注册时填写的email地址发送一封帐户激活邮件,这封邮件的内容就是一个激活帐户的链接和一段简短的文字描述,如果用户没有去邮箱将帐户激活,可能在使用网站的某些功能时就会受到限制,比如不能发贴、下载资料、评论等限制。这么做的原因应该是为了保证帐户的安全性和邮箱的有效性,以后网站如果有什么活动、资讯或系统安全通知等,可以在第一时间通知到用户。比如我在奇艺视频网站注册一个帐号之后,它就会往我注册时填写的邮箱中发一封帐户激活的邮件,邮件中有一个激活的链接,点击它就可以将你的帐户激活。如下图所示:
这个功能是怎么做到的呢,其实实现也是很简单的,说白了就是一个Update操作。
实现思路:当一个用户注册成功之后,系统向用户注册时提供的email地址发送一封邮件,邮件的内容是一个激活帐户的链接和一段简短的文字描述,这个链接的功能就是将这个帐户的状态修改成激活状态。这个功能的重点在于如何生成这个激活帐户的链接。直接可以联想到的方法就是建一个Servlet,Servlet接收一个用户名参数,Servlet拿到用户名参数之后,到数据库把这条记录load出来,做一次update操作即可。但是这样做会有风险,比如有人想在你的网站上搞破坏,注册时他填的email地址就是乱填的,这个Email地址可能根本就收不到邮件(但符合email格式),注册完成之后,然后在浏览器地址栏输入网站之前发送的帐户激活链接,并加上新注册的用户名参数,这样一来就跳过了去邮箱激活的步聚,时间久了,库中可能会留下许多无效的email地址和帐户。为了避免这个问题,解决方案是在用户注册成功之后,在发送激活帐户的链接中加一个随机码,这个随机码是将用户名和一个随机数用md5加密后的一串16进制字符串,每次用户在激活帐户的时候,都验证这个随机码是否和注册时发送的一致,这样就可以避免人为的修改激活链接达到帐户激活的功能。
二、忘记密码
当你在某网站注册一个帐户之后,发现这个帐户很久没用了,密码也忘记了,如果还记得之前注册时填写的Email,那就可以向你的email中发一个重设密码的链接,就可以重新设置你的密码。大部份网站一般都提供了根据Email找回密码的功能。实现此功能的思路:在登录界面添加一个“忘记密码“的链接,用户点击进去之后,输入用户名或Email,系统根据用户名或Email找出用户信息,并生成一个重新设置密码的链接发送到用户的邮箱中(生成链接的方式和生成帐户激活链接的方式一样),用户在邮箱中点击重设密码的链接,根据提示进入密码重设页面,重新输入新的密码即可。
功能实现步聚(帐号激活):
1、用户注册页面
- <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/register" method="post">
- 用户名:<input type="text" name="userName" value="${param.userName}"><span class="error">${errors.userName}</span><br/>
- 密码:<input type="password" name="password" ><span class="error">${errors.password}</span><br/>
- 确认密码:<input type="password" name="password2"><span class="error">${errors.password2}</span><br/>
- email:<input type="text" name="email" value="${param.email}"><span class="error">${errors.email}</span><br/>
- <input type="submit" value="注册">
- </form>
2、处理注册请求的Servlet(RegisterServlet)
- package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
- import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
- import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
- import org.study.accountactivate.util.EmailUtils;
- /**
- * 用户注册
- */
- public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- private UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doPost(request, response);
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
- String password = request.getParameter("password");
- String password2 = request.getParameter("password2");
- String email = request.getParameter("email");
- Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<String,String>();
- if (userName == null || "".equals(userName)) {
- errors.put("userName", "用户名不能为空!");
- } else if (userName != null && userDao.findUserByName(userName) != null) {
- errors.put("userName", "该用户已注册!");
- }
- if (password == null || "".equals(password)) {
- errors.put("password","密码不能为空!");
- } else if (password != null && password.length() < 3) {
- errors.put("password","密码长度不能低于3位!");
- }
- if (password2 == null || "".equals(password2)) {
- errors.put("password2", "确认密码不能为空!");
- } else if (password2 != null && !password2.equals(password)) {
- errors.put("password2", "两次输入的密码不一致!");
- }
- if (email == null || "".equals(email)) {
- errors.put("email", "email不能为空!");
- } else if (email != null && !email.matches("[0-9a-zA-Z_-][email protected][0-9a-zA-Z_-]+\\.[0-9a-zA-Z_-]+(\\.[0-9a-zA-Z_-])*")) {
- errors.put("email", "email格式不正确!");
- }
- if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
- request.setAttribute("errors", errors);
- request.getRequestDispatcher("/registerUI").forward(request, response);
- return;
- }
- User user = new User();
- user.setUserName(userName);
- user.setPassword(password);
- user.setEmail(email);
- user.setActivated(false);
- userDao.addUser(user);
- // 注册成功后,发送帐户激活链接
- EmailUtils.sendAccountActivateEmail(user);
- // 注册成功直接将当前用户保存到session中
- request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
- request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/registerSuccess.jsp").forward(request,response);
- }
- }
3、激活帐户的Servlet(ActivateAccountServle)
- package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
- import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
- import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
- import org.study.accountactivate.util.GenerateLinkUtils;
- /**
- * 帐户激活
- */
- public class ActivateAccountServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String idValue = request.getParameter("id");
- int id = -1;
- try {
- id = Integer.parseInt(idValue);
- } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException("无效的用户!");
- }
- UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
- User user = userDao.findUserById(id);// 得到要激活的帐户
- user.setActivated(GenerateLinkUtils.verifyCheckcode(user, request));// 校验验证码是否和注册时发送的一致,以此设置是否激活该帐户
- userDao.updateUser(user);
- request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
- request.getRequestDispatcher("/accountActivateUI").forward(request, response);
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- }
4、操作用户的DAO接口与实现类(UserDao和UserDaoImpl类)
- package org.study.accountactivate.dao;
- import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
- public interface UserDao {
- void addUser(User user);
- void updateUser(User user);
- User findUserById(int id);
- User findUserByName(String userName);
- User findUserByNameOrEmail(String nameOrEmail);
- }
- package org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl;
- import java.util.Collection;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.UUID;
- import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
- import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
- public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
- private static UserDaoImpl instance = new UserDaoImpl();
- private UserDaoImpl() {}
- public static UserDaoImpl getInstance() {
- return instance;
- }
- Map<Integer,User> users = new HashMap<Integer, User>();
- int nextId = 1;
- @Override
- public void addUser(User user) {
- user.setId(nextId++);
- user.setRandomCode(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
- users.put(user.getId(), user);
- }
- @Override
- public void updateUser(User user) {
- users.put(user.getId(), user);
- }
- @Override
- public User findUserById(int id) {
- return users.get(id);
- }
- @Override
- public User findUserByName(String userName) {
- Collection<User> userValues = users.values();
- for (Iterator<User> iterator = userValues.iterator();iterator.hasNext();) {
- User user = iterator.next();
- if (user.getUserName().equals(userName)) {
- return user;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- @Override
- public User findUserByNameOrEmail(String nameOrEmail) {
- Collection<User> userValues = users.values();
- for(Iterator<User> iterator = userValues.iterator();iterator.hasNext();) {
- User user = iterator.next();
- if (user.getEmail().equals(nameOrEmail) || user.getUserName().equals(nameOrEmail)) {
- return user;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- }
5、发送Email的工具类(EmailUtils,用于发送帐户激活链接和密码重置链接)
- package org.study.accountactivate.util;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Properties;
- import javax.mail.Authenticator;
- import javax.mail.Message.RecipientType;
- import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
- import javax.mail.Session;
- import javax.mail.Transport;
- import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
- import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
- import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
- public class EmailUtils {
- private static final String FROM = "[email protected]";
- /**
- * 注册成功后,向用户发送帐户激活链接的邮件
- * @param user 未激活的用户
- */
- public static void sendAccountActivateEmail(User user) {
- Session session = getSession();
- MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
- try {
- message.setSubject("帐户激活邮件");
- message.setSentDate(new Date());
- message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(FROM));
- message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
- message.setContent("<a href=‘" + GenerateLinkUtils.generateActivateLink(user)+"‘>点击激活帐户</a>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
- // 发送邮件
- Transport.send(message);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- /**
- * 发送重设密码链接的邮件
- */
- public static void sendResetPasswordEmail(User user) {
- Session session = getSession();
- MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
- try {
- message.setSubject("找回您的帐户与密码");
- message.setSentDate(new Date());
- message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(FROM));
- message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
- message.setContent("要使用新的密码, 请使用以下链接启用密码:<br/><a href=‘" + GenerateLinkUtils.generateResetPwdLink(user) +"‘>点击重新设置密码</a>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
- // 发送邮件
- Transport.send(message);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static Session getSession() {
- Properties props = new Properties();
- props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
- props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.163.com");
- props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "25");
- props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
- Session session = Session.getInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
- @Override
- protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
- String password = null;
- InputStream is = EmailUtils.class.getResourceAsStream("password.dat");
- byte[] b = new byte[1024];
- try {
- int len = is.read(b);
- password = new String(b,0,len);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return new PasswordAuthentication(FROM, password);
- }
- });
- return session;
- }
- }
6、生成帐户激活、密码重设链接的工具类(GenerateLinkUtils)
- package org.study.accountactivate.util;
- import java.security.MessageDigest;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
- import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
- /**
- * 生成帐户激活、重新设置密码的链接
- */
- public class GenerateLinkUtils {
- private static final String CHECK_CODE = "checkCode";
- /**
- * 生成帐户激活链接
- */
- public static String generateActivateLink(User user) {
- return "http://localhost:8080/AccountActivate/activateAccount?id="
- + user.getId() + "&" + CHECK_CODE + "=" + generateCheckcode(user);
- }
- /**
- * 生成重设密码的链接
- */
- public static String generateResetPwdLink(User user) {
- return "http://localhost:8080/AccountActivate/resetPasswordUI?userName="
- + user.getUserName() + "&" + CHECK_CODE + "=" + generateCheckcode(user);
- }
- /**
- * 生成验证帐户的MD5校验码
- * @param user 要激活的帐户
- * @return 将用户名和密码组合后,通过md5加密后的16进制格式的字符串
- */
- public static String generateCheckcode(User user) {
- String userName = user.getUserName();
- String randomCode = user.getRandomCode();
- return md5(userName + ":" + randomCode);
- }
- /**
- * 验证校验码是否和注册时发送的验证码一致
- * @param user 要激活的帐户
- * @param checkcode 注册时发送的校验码
- * @return 如果一致返回true,否则返回false
- */
- public static boolean verifyCheckcode(User user,ServletRequest request) {
- String checkCode = request.getParameter(CHECK_CODE);
- return generateCheckcode(user).equals(checkCode);
- }
- private static String md5(String string) {
- MessageDigest md = null;
- try {
- md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
- md.update(string.getBytes());
- byte[] md5Bytes = md.digest();
- return bytes2Hex(md5Bytes);
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- private static String bytes2Hex(byte[] byteArray)
- {
- StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
- for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++)
- {
- if(byteArray[i] >= 0 && byteArray[i] < 16)
- {
- strBuf.append("0");
- }
- strBuf.append(Integer.toHexString(byteArray[i] & 0xFF));
- }
- return strBuf.toString();
- }
- }
7、实体类(User)
- package org.study.accountactivate.domail;
- public class User {
- // 编号
- private int id;
- // 用户名
- private String userName;
- // 密码
- private String password;
- private String email;
- // 是否激活
- private boolean activated;
- // 随机码(激活帐户与生成重设密码链接时使用)
- private String randomCode;
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getUserName() {
- return userName;
- }
- public void setUserName(String userName) {
- this.userName = userName;
-  
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