OSPF-MA网络
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# DR:指定路由器 # BDR:备份指定路由器 # DROTHER:非DR/BDR的其他路由器 # DR/BDR选举过程 # 1、wait timer ( dead timer ) 40s等待时间,若无hello包,自己成为DR; # 2、priority(接口中ospf优先级,0-255,优先级增大); # 3、priority相同,比较Router-id,优先级越大; # 4、DR/BDR的选举过程为非抢占的 # 5、priority为0,不能成为DR/BDR,DROTHER之间为2WAY状态; IOU3#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:37 10.1.123.1 Ethernet0/0 2.2.2.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:37 10.1.123.2 Ethernet0/0 IOU3#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 1.1.1.1 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:34 10.1.123.1 Ethernet0/0 2.2.2.2 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:35 10.1.123.2 Ethernet0/0 IOU1#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 2.2.2.2 0 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:33 10.1.123.2 Ethernet0/0 3.3.3.3 255 FULL/DR 00:00:32 10.1.123.3 Ethernet0/0 IOU2#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 1.1.1.1 0 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:38 10.1.123.1 Ethernet0/0 3.3.3.3 255 FULL/DR 00:00:31 10.1.123.3 Ethernet0/0 IOU3#sh ip ospf int e0/0 Ethernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 10.1.123.3/24, Area 2, Attached via Network Statement Process ID 1, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10 Topology-MTID Cost Disabled Shutdown Topology Name 0 10 no no Base Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 255 Designated Router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 10.1.123.3 Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 10.1.123.2 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 00:00:07 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Cisco NSF helper support enabled IETF NSF helper support enabled Index 1/1, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 2 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1 Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Backup Designated Router) Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s) IOU3#sh ip int e0/0 Ethernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 10.1.123.3/24 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Address determined by setup command MTU is 1500 bytes Helper address is not set Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.251 224.0.0.5 224.0.0.6 # DR/BDR 监听组播地址:224.0.0.5 224.0.0.6
# OSPF 邻居建立过程 # 报文5种类型:HELLO、DBD、LSR、LSU、LSACK # 邻居状态:down、init、2way、exstart、exchange、loading、full、attempty(NBMA/P2MP) # 1、R4发送Hello至224.0.0.5; # 2、R5收到Hello包后,邻居状态设置为init,并回复Hello,携带active neibour:R4的router-id; # 3、R4收到携带active neibour的Hello包后,设置R5的邻居状态为2way,并回复Hello,携带active neibour:R5的router-id; # 4、R5收到携带active neibour的Hello包后,设置R4的邻居状态为2way;假设R5为DR或者为Priority/router-id较大; # 开始同步DBD(数据库描述,LSA头部)和LSR一起用于提高OSPF数据库同步效率,同步过程中不使用ack,可靠有序; # 可靠有序机制:根据router-id选举主从机制,从确认主,非累加确认; # 5、主从的第一个交互DBD不携带信息,为空,邻居状态为exstart; # 从先发序列号4321,主发送序列号1234,从用主的序列号1234确认主(序列号非累加),主确认从在发送1235(序列号累加); # 6、除第一个DBD交互过程,邻居状态为exchange; # flag标志位:I/M/M(S),是否为第一个DBD/是否DBD剩余/主从;从的flag为0x000,主flag为0x001; # 特殊的DBD交互过程:从的DBD先完/主的DBD先完; # DBD交互完毕后,从发送LSR,主发送LSU,并发送LSRACK进行确认;可靠有序
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