scrapy爬虫框架setting模块解析

Posted 2020-10-14 天宇之游

平时写爬虫的时候并不需要设置setting里所有的参数，今天心血来潮，花了点时间查了一下setting模块创建后自动写入的所有参数的含义，记录一下。

• 模块相关说明信息

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for new_center project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

• 项目名字和爬虫模块说明，引擎根据这个信息找到爬虫

BOT_NAME = ‘new_center‘  # 项目名字

SPIDER_MODULES = [‘new_center.spiders‘]
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = ‘new_center.spiders‘

• 浏览器的USER_AGENT，可以自定义伪装。

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = ‘new_center (+http://www.yourdomain.com)‘

• 是否遵守robots协议，默认是遵守的，可以改成False或将其注释

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

• 设置scrapy爬虫最大的并发请求数量，默认是16

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

• 设置对访问同一个网站进行请求的延时时间，默认是0.

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:

• 设置对每个网站和每个IP的最大并发请求数量，两个最好只设置一个，如果都设置，则按照限制IP生效。

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

• 设置是否禁用cookie，目前默认是可用的，去掉注释则禁用

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

• 设置是否可远程登录控制台，目前默认是可以的，去掉注释则禁用

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

• 用来设置请求头，一般不用，因为请求头可以动态设置

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   ‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8‘,
#   ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘en‘,
#}

• 是否开启使用爬虫spider的中间件,默认不启用，解除注释后启用，后面的数字代表优先级，数字越小，优先级越高

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    ‘new_center.middlewares.NewCenterSpiderMiddleware‘: 543,
#}

• 是否开启爬虫下载器的中间件,默认不启用，解除注释后启用

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    ‘new_center.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware‘: 543,
#}

• 是否禁用爬虫扩展，默认禁用，解除注释后将None改成数字，如500，扩展的优先级一般不重要，因为他们并不相互依赖，多个扩展的value值可以写相同。

# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    ‘scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole‘: None,
#}

• 是否开启管道，默认关闭，开启則解除注释

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
#    ‘new_center.pipelines.NewCenterPipeline‘: 300,
#}

• 设置自动限速，根据Scrapy服务器及爬取的网站的负载自动限制爬取速度，默认关闭，开启需解除注释。

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True  # 自动限速的开关
# The initial download delay  
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5  # 初始下载延时
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60  # 最大下载延时
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

• 启用和配置HTTP缓存

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = ‘httpcache‘
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = ‘scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage‘