checkout
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checkout命令经常被用来切换分支，但是git checkout -- fileName 还可以将没有提交到暂存区中的修改删除，恢复未修改的状态（但是对于新建的文件无法恢复到新建之前）
现在有两个文件，README.md 和 README2.md,进行修改，并新建文件README3.md，执行git status之后
```
git$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: README.md
modified: README2.md
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
README3.md
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
```然后执行git add README.md将第一个文件加入到暂存区，执行git status命令如下
```
git$ git add README.md
git$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: README.md
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: README2.md
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
README3.md
```现在执行git checkout -- .(.符号表示全部文件)全部恢复工作区修改之前的内容，再执行git status命令如下
```
git$ git checkout -- .
git$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: README.md
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
README3.md
```可见 git checkout -- file 可以恢复未被暂存的内容，但是不能恢复被暂存的内容和新建的文件，那么如果想要恢复已经暂存的内容怎么办，那么就需要用到git reset了
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