join和 Daemon守护线程

Posted 2020-10-14 Bigberg

一、前言

　　一个程序至少有一个主线程，主线程启动子线程后，它们之间并没有隶属关系。主线程和子线程执行是并行的，相互独立。主线程执行完毕后默认不等子线程执行结束就接着往下走了，如果有其他程序就会运行另外的程序，如果没有就等待子线程执行完成后结束程序。

import threading
import time
import random


class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, n):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__()
        self.n = n

    def run(self):
        print(‘task %s is operating‘ % self.n)
        t_time = random.randint(1, 8)
        time.sleep(t_time)
       # getNname获取线程名称
        print(self.getName(), ‘finished‘, ‘I sleep %d seconds‘ % t_time)


class Person(object):

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def get_info(self):
        # time.sleep(10)
        print(‘my name is %s.‘ % self.name)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:

    start_time = time.time()
    for i in range(5):
        t = MyThread(i)
        t.start()
    # t.join()
    print(‘main thread finished.‘)
    print(‘*****执行另一个程序了******‘)
    p = Person(‘bigberg‘)
    p.get_info()
    print(‘*************************‘)
    print(‘cost: %s‘ % (time.time() - start_time))

　　结果：

# 线程开始执行

task 0 is operating
task 1 is operating
task 2 is operating
task 3 is operating
task 4 is operating
# 主线程执行完毕
main thread finished.

# 可以执行另一个程序了
*****执行另一个程序了******
my name is bigberg.
*************************
# 这里花费的时间是主线程的运行时间，显然没有计算子线程的时间
cost: 0.0019881725311279297

# 子线程在主线程结束后依然在运行
Thread-3 finished I sleep 2 seconds
Thread-5 finished I sleep 2 seconds
Thread-2 finished I sleep 3 seconds
Thread-4 finished I sleep 4 seconds
Thread-1 finished I sleep 5 seconds

# 所有子线程完毕后程序结束
Process finished with exit code 0

　　

二、join 等待子线程完成

　　如果在线程实例后加上join默认主线程是阻塞的，主线程会等待该子线程运行完成后在结束。

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import threading
import time
import random


class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, n):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__()
        self.n = n

    def run(self):
        print(‘task %s is operating‘ % self.n)
        t_time = random.randint(1, 8)
        time.sleep(t_time)
        print(self.getName(), ‘finished‘, ‘I sleep %d seconds‘ % t_time)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:

    start_time = time.time()
    for i in range(5):
        t = MyThread(i)
        t.start()
        t.join()    # 添加join，阻塞主线程
    print(‘main thread finished.‘)
    print(‘cost: %s‘ % (time.time() - start_time))

# 注
# 如果对每个线程都加join,那么并发就没有了，实际上线程都是串行的
# 前一个线程执行完了，才会执行下一个线程
# 主线程最后运行完毕

　　结果：

task 0 is operating
Thread-1 finished I sleep 2 seconds
task 1 is operating
Thread-2 finished I sleep 6 seconds
task 2 is operating
Thread-3 finished I sleep 4 seconds
task 3 is operating
Thread-4 finished I sleep 8 seconds
task 4 is operating
Thread-5 finished I sleep 5 seconds
# 这里主线程已经是最后执行完毕的了
main thread finished.

# 消耗的时间也是每个线程的运行时间之和
cost: 25.005265712738037

　　2.1 计算并发运行时间

　　如果不想计算出总的运行时间，而是所有线程的并发运行时间呢？就像上例中的那样，最长运行时间是8秒，那么所有线程都能在8秒内全部运行完毕。

　　把t.join()单独移到for循环外面是不行的，因为这样并发运行总会在最后一个线程出阻塞。如下：　　

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import threading
import time
import random


class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, n):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__()
        self.n = n

    def run(self):
        print(‘task %s is operating‘ % self.n)
        t_time = random.randint(1, 8)
        time.sleep(t_time)
        print(self.getName(), ‘finished‘, ‘I sleep %d seconds‘ % t_time)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:

    start_time = time.time()
    for i in range(5):
        t = MyThread(i)
        t.start()
    t.join()    # 添加join，阻塞主线程
    print(‘main thread finished.‘)
    print(‘cost: %s‘ % (time.time() - start_time))

　　结果：

task 0 is operating
task 1 is operating
task 2 is operating
task 3 is operating
task 4 is operating
Thread-1 finished I sleep 2 seconds
Thread-3 finished I sleep 2 seconds
Thread-5 finished I sleep 3 seconds
# 其实是在线程5，也就是最后一个线程出阻塞的
main thread finished.
cost: 3.001293659210205
Thread-2 finished I sleep 4 seconds
Thread-4 finished I sleep 5 seconds

　　正确的方法，定义一个空列表，获取所以的线程实例，for 循环阻塞所有的线程实例　

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import threading
import time
import random


class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, n):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__()
        self.n = n

    def run(self):
        print(‘task %s is operating‘ % self.n)
        t_time = random.randint(1, 8)
        time.sleep(t_time)
        print(self.getName(), ‘finished‘, ‘I sleep %d seconds‘ % t_time)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    t_list = []
    start_time = time.time()
    for i in range(5):
        t = MyThread(i)
        t.start()
        t_list.append(t)

    for t in t_list:
        t.join()
    print(‘main thread finished.‘)
    print(‘cost: %s‘ % (time.time() - start_time))

　　结果，事实上也符合我们刚才的推论，运行时间最长的线程所消耗的时间，就是总的并发时间　

task 0 is operating
task 1 is operating
task 2 is operating
task 3 is operating
task 4 is operating
Thread-3 finished I sleep 3 seconds
Thread-5 finished I sleep 3 seconds
Thread-2 finished I sleep 7 seconds
Thread-1 finished I sleep 7 seconds
Thread-4 finished I sleep 8 seconds
main thread finished.
cost: 8.001787185668945

# 并发时间在8秒左右

　　总结：主线程创建一个子线程后，如果子线程调用join()方法，主线程会在调用的地方等待，直到该子线程运行完成才会接着往下执行。

三、守护线程setDaemon

　　setDaemon()方法：在主线程中创建子线程，该子线程调用setDaemon方法后成为主线程的守护线程。这种情况下如果主线程执行结束，那么不管子线程是否完成，一并和主线程退出。这里基本和join()方法相反。此外，还有个要特别注意的：必须在start() 方法调用之前设置，如果不设置为守护线程，程序会被无限挂起。　　

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import threading
import time
import random


class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, n):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__()
        self.n = n

    def run(self):
        print(‘task %s is operating‘ % self.n)
        t_time = random.randint(1, 8)
        time.sleep(t_time)
        print(self.getName(), ‘finished‘, ‘I sleep %d seconds‘ % t_time)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:

    start_time = time.time()
    for i in range(5):
        t = MyThread(i)
        t.setDaemon(True)
        t.start()
    print(‘main thread finished.‘, threading.current_thread(), threading.active_count())
    print(‘cost: %s‘ % (time.time() - start_time))

　　注：threading.current_thread()查看当前运行的线程

　　　　threading.active_count() 查看活跃线程数

　　　　线程数 =  主线程 + 子线程数

　　结果：　

task 0 is operating
task 1 is operating
task 2 is operating
task 3 is operating
task 4 is operating
main thread finished. <_MainThread(MainThread, started 8656)> 6
cost: 0.0009999275207519531

Process finished with exit code 0

# 很显然把子线程设置为主线程的守护线程后，主线程一旦结束，程序就执行退出运行，不会再等待子线程运行。

　　注：如果程序中有其他非守护线程时，还是会等待非守护线程运行完毕，程序才会结束。