Django 权限管理
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一 权限管理 初始版
结构
1.创建rbac应用
2.在models中创建对象
models
from django.db import models class Permission(models.Model): """ 权限表 """ title = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'标题\',max_length=32) url = models.CharField(verbose_name="含正则URL",max_length=64) is_menu = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否是菜单") class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "权限表" def __str__(self): return self.title class User(models.Model): """ 用户表 """ username = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'用户名\',max_length=32) password = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'密码\',max_length=64) email = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'邮箱\',max_length=32) roles = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name=\'具有的所有角色\',to="Role",blank=True) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "用户表" def __str__(self): return self.username class Role(models.Model): """ 角色表 """ title = models.CharField(max_length=32) permissions = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name=\'具有的所有权限\',to=\'Permission\',blank=True) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "角色表" def __str__(self): return self.title
3.基于Django admin录入权限数据
注意;需要在admin.py 中作如下操作(只针对从用admin导入数据时配置,当然也可以从数据库中直接添加)
from django.contrib import admin from . import models admin.site.register(models.Permission) admin.site.register(models.User) admin.site.register(models.Role)
4.用户登录程序
根据输入的用户名和密码得到相应的user,
根据user对象获取其拥有的角色和具有的权限并去重并且将权限表中的url放入seesion中,将这部分操作的代码抽取到service包下的init_permission.py
下的init_permission(request,user)方法中,然后在views中调用该方法即可,
- 获取当前用户具有的所有权限(去重)
- 获取权限中的url,放置到session中
def init_permission(user,request): """ 初始化权限信息,获取权限信息并放置到session中。 :param user: :param request: :return: """ permission_list = user.roles.values(\'permissions__title\', \'permissions__url\', \'permissions__is_menu\').distinct() url_list = [] for item in permission_list: url_list.append(item[\'permissions__url\']) print(url_list) request.session[\'permission_url_list\'] = url_list
5.编写中间件
import re from django.shortcuts import redirect,HttpResponse from django.conf import settings class MiddlewareMixin(object): def __init__(self, get_response=None): self.get_response = get_response super(MiddlewareMixin, self).__init__() def __call__(self, request): response = None if hasattr(self, \'process_request\'): response = self.process_request(request) if not response: response = self.get_response(request) if hasattr(self, \'process_response\'): response = self.process_response(request, response) return response class RbacMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): # 1. 获取当前请求的URL # request.path_info # 2. 获取Session中保存当前用户的权限 # request.session.get("permission_url_list\') current_url = request.path_info # 当前请求不需要执行权限验证(白名单) for url in settings.VALID_URL: if re.match(url,current_url): return None permission_list = request.session.get("permission_url_list") if not permission_list: return redirect(\'/login/\') flag = False for db_url in permission_list: regax = "^{0}$".format(db_url) if re.match(regax, current_url): flag = True break if not flag: return HttpResponse(\'无权访问\')
a,获取当前访问的路径 request.path_info
b,在setting中配置不需要验证的url--白名单(人人登录后就可以访问的如login admin.*)然后调用
VALID_URL = [ "/login/", "/admin.*" ]
根据正则判断当前路径是否在白名单中,白名单中的路径要严格的控制以什么开头和以什么结尾,如果是白名单return None 继续执行后面的代码
如果不是直接跳转到登录
c,不是白名单的话,则判断是否已经登录,最简单的方法就是获取当前session 看是里面的url列表是否为空,如果为空的话说明没有登录,直接
调转到登陆,不让他执行后续操作
d,url list不为空的话就说明已经登陆了,进一步看当前的访问路径是否在是否在urllist中,在的话就说明用户具有操作该url的权限否则就说明该用户没有
访问权限,直接return HttpResponse("无权访问")
注意:中间件创建完成之后。需要在settings中的MIDDLEWARE最后添加\'rbac.middlewares.rbac.RbacMiddleware\',
MIDDLEWARE = [ \'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware\', \'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware\', \'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware\', \'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware\', \'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\', \'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware\', \'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware\', \'rbac.middlewares.rbac.RbacMiddleware\', ]
示例一权限管理 加强
对于权限管理,不单单的只是控制能不能访问某个路径,而且还需要根据用户的权限,当用户访问某个页面时,在页面上展示什么,比如某些用户
虽然能访问首页,但是他没有添加用户的权限,这时就不能将添加按钮展现在首页,而对于具有添加用户权限的用户则需要将添加用户的按钮展示
在首页上
在访问列表页面时,是否需要判断:有无添加权限,有无删除权限,有无编辑权限;
1.在rbac下的models中添加Group类,在权限表中添加code字段和外键group
class Group(models.Model): """ 权限组 """ caption = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'组名称\',max_length=16) class Permission(models.Model): """ 权限表 """ title = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'标题\',max_length=32) url = models.CharField(verbose_name="含正则URL",max_length=64) is_menu = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否是菜单") code = models.CharField(verbose_name="代码",max_length=16) group = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name=\'所属组\',to="Group") class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "权限表" def __str__(self): return self.title
2.在rbac/service/init_permission.py/init_permission类中进行修改
结构化数据模型
data = { 1: { \'codes\': [\'list\',\'add\',\'edit\',\'del\'], \'urls\':[ /userinfo/, /userinfo/add/, /userinfo/edit/(\\d+)/, /userinfo/del/(\\d+)/, ] }, 2: { \'codes\': [\'list\',\'add\',\'edit\',\'del\'], \'urls\':[ /userinfo/, /userinfo/add/, /userinfo/edit/(\\d+)/, /userinfo/del/(\\d+)/, ] }, }
permission_list = user.roles.values(\'permissions__title\', "permissions__code", \'permissions__url\', \'permissions__is_menu\', "permissions__group__id", ).distinct() result={} for item in permission_list: groupid=item["permissions__group__id"] code=item["permissions__code"] url=item["permissions__url"] if groupid in result: result[groupid]["codes"].append(code) result[groupid]["urls"].append(url) else: result[groupid]={ "codes":[code,], "urls":[url,] } print(result) request.session[settings.PERMISSIONS_URL_DICT_KEY] = result
3.对中间件进行修改
import re from django.shortcuts import redirect,HttpResponse from django.conf import settings class MiddlewareMixin(object): def __init__(self, get_response=None): self.get_response = get_response super(MiddlewareMixin, self).__init__() def __call__(self, request): response = None if hasattr(self, \'process_request\'): response = self.process_request(request) if not response: response = self.get_response(request) if hasattr(self, \'process_response\'): response = self.process_response(request, response) return response class RbacMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): # 1. 获取当前请求的URL # request.path_info # 2. 获取Session中保存当前用户的权限 # request.session.get("permission_url_list\') current_url = request.path_info # 当前请求不需要执行权限验证 for url in settings.VALID_URL: if re.match(url,current_url): return None permission_dict = request.session.get(settings.PERMISSION_URL_DICT_KEY) if not permission_dict: return redirect(\'/login/\') flag = False for group_id,code_url in permission_dict.items(): for db_url in code_url[\'urls\']: regax = "^{0}$".format(db_url) if re.match(regax, current_url): request.permission_code_list = code_url[\'codes\'] flag = True break if flag: break if not flag: return HttpResponse(\'无权访问\')
4.对views进行操作,是否页面上显示功能按钮:
方法1:在模块中进行判断
{% if "add/edit/del" in request.permission_code_list %} <a href="">添加/编辑/删除</a> {% endif%}
方法二:
在views中利用面向对象
class BasePagePermission(object): def __init__(self,code_list): self.code_list = code_list def has_add(self): if "add" in self.code_list: return True def has_edit(self): if \'edit\' in self.code_list: return True def has_del(self): if \'del\' in self.code_list: return True def userinfo(request): page_permission = BasePagePermission(request.permission_code_list) data_list = [ {\'id\':1,\'name\':\'xxx1\'}, {\'id\':2,\'name\':\'xxx2\'}, {\'id\':3,\'name\':\'xxx3\'}, {\'id\':4,\'name\':\'xxx4\'}, {\'id\':5,\'name\':\'xxx5\'}, ] return render(request,\'userinfo.html\',{\'data_list\':data_list,\'page_permission\':page_permission})
5.模块中进行判断
{% if pagepermission.has_add %} <p><a href="">添加</a></p> {% endif %}
示例二 菜单展示
1.在models中添加Menu对象(表)以及和Group建立起一对多的对应关系
from django.db import models class Menu(models.Model): """ 菜单组 """ title = models.CharField(max_length=32) class Group(models.Model): """ 权限组 """ caption = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'组名称\',max_length=16) menu = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name=\'所属菜单\',to=\'Menu\') class Permission(models.Model): """ 权限表 """ title = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'标题\',max_length=32) url = models.CharField(verbose_name="含正则URL",max_length=64) is_menu = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否是菜单") code = models.CharField(verbose_name="代码",max_length=16) group = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name=\'所属组\',to="Group") class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "权限表" def __str__(self): return self.title class User(models.Model): """ 用户表 """ username = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'用户名\',max_length=32) password = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'密码\',max_length=64) email = models.CharField(verbose_name=\'邮箱\',max_length=32) roles = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name=\'具有的所有角色\',to="Role",blank=True) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "用户表" def __str__(self): return self.username class Role(models.Model): """ 角色表 """ title = models.CharField(max_length=32) permissions = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name=\'具有的所有权限\',to=\'Permission\',blank=True) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "角色表" def __str__(self): return self.title
2.- 初始化: 获取菜单信息+权限信息
from django.conf import settings def init_permission(user,request): """ 初始化权限信息,获取权限信息并放置到session中。 :param user: :param request: :return: """ permission_list = user.roles.values(\'permissions__title\', # 用户列表 \'permissions__url\', \'permissions__code\', \'permissions__is_menu\', # 是否是菜单 \'permissions__group_id\', \'permissions__group__menu_id\', # 菜单ID \'permissions__group__menu__title\',# 菜单名称 ).distinct() menu_list = [] # 去掉不是菜单的URL for item in permission_list: if not item[\'permissions__is_menu\']: continue tpl = { \'menu_id\':item[\'permissions__group__menu_id\'], \'menu_title\':item[\'permissions__group__menu__title\'], \'title\':item[\'permissions__title\'], \'url\':item[\'permissions__url\'], \'active\':False, } menu_list.append(tpl) request.session[settings.PERMISSION_MENU_KEY] = menu_list # 权限相关 result = {} for item in permission_list: group_id = item[\'permissions__group_id\'] code = item[\'permissions__code\'] url = item[\'permissions__url\'] if group_id in result: result[group_id][\'codes\'].append(code) result[group_id][\'urls\'].append(url) else: result[group_id] = { \'codes\':[code,], \'urls\':[url,] } request.session[settings.PERMISSION_URL_DICT_KEY] = result
结构化数据 示例;
mport re menu_list = [ {\'menu_id\':1, \'menu_title\':\'菜单一\',\'title\':\'用户列表\',\'url\':\'/userinfo/\',\'active\':False}, {\'menu_id\':1, \'menu_title\':\'菜单一\',\'title\':\'订单列表\',\'url\':\'/order/\',\'active\':False}, {\'menu_id\':2, \'menu_title\':\'菜单二\',\'title\':\'xxx列表\',\'url\':\'/xxx/\',\'active\':False}, {\'menu_id\':2, \'menu_title\':\'菜单二\',\'title\':\'iii列表\',\'url\':\'/uuu/\',\'active\':False}, ] current_url = "/userinfo/" res={} for tem in menu_list: mid=tem["Django之权限管理