time和datetime模块

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time模块:

Timestamp:计算机中时间是由数字表示的。将1970.1.1  00:00:00 UTC+00:00时区的时刻称为epoch time,记为0(1970年以前的timestamp为负数),当前的时间就是相对                        于epoch time的秒数,称为timestamp。

In [109]: time.time()
Out[109]: 1510054096.087551

struct time:time.gmtime([secs]) 返回UTC时间,dst=0,secs默认为当前时间戳

        time.localtime([secs])返回本地时间UTC+8,dst=0,secs默认为当前时间戳

In [108]: time.gmtime()
Out[108]: time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=11, tm_min=26, tm_sec=3, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=311, tm_isdst=0)
In [107]: time.localtime()
Out[107]: time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=19, tm_min=25, tm_sec=52, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=311, tm_isdst=0)

mktime(tuple) -> floating point number

In [113]: t=time.localtime()
In [115]: time.mktime(t)
Out[115]: 1510054321.0

time.ctime([secs])返回本地时间,secs默认为time.time()

time.asctime([t])将表示由gmtime()localtime()返回的时间的元组或struct_time转换为以下形式字符串 。若未提供t,则使用localtime()返回的当前时间。

In [104]: time.ctime()
Out[104]: \'Tue Nov  7 19:08:51 2017\'

In [105]: time.asctime()
Out[105]: \'Tue Nov  7 19:08:56 2017\'

time.strftime(format[, t])gmtime()localtime()返回的时间元组或struct_time转为由格式指定的字符串参数。若未提供t,用localtime()返回的当前时间。格式必须是字符串。

time.strptime(string[, format])根据格式解析表示时间的字符串。返回值是由gmtime()localtime()返回的struct_time

In [116]: time.strftime(\'%Y-%m-%d\')
Out[116]: \'2017-11-07\'

In [117]: time.strptime(\'2017-11-07\',\'%Y-%m-%d\')
Out[117]: time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=311, tm_isdst=-1)

time.sleep(secs)延迟

附表:

 

datetime模块:

获取当前日期及时间:

In [118]: from datetime import datetime
In [119]: now = datetime.now()

In [121]: print(now)
2017-11-07 20:06:04.360664

  In [123]: print(type(now))
  <class \'datetime.datetime\'>

获取指定日期及时间:

In [124]: dt = datetime(2017,11,4,7,20,30)
In [125]: print(dt)
2017-11-04 07:20:30

datetime-->timestamp:

In [126]: dt.timestamp()
Out[126]: 1509751230.0

timestamp-->datetime:

In [127]: t=1490001234.0
In [128]: print(datetime.fromtimestamp(t))        #本地时间
2017-03-20 17:13:54

In [129]: print(datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t))     #UTC时间
2017-03-20 09:13:54

str-->datetime:

In [130]: cday = datetime.strptime(\'2017-6-4 15:30:45\',\'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\')

In [131]: print(cday,type(cday))
2017-06-04 15:30:45 <class \'datetime.datetime\'>

datetime-->str:

In [132]: print(now.strftime(\'%a, %b %d %H:%M\'))
Tue, Nov 07 20:06

datetime加减:

In [133]: from datetime import timedelta

In [134]: now = datetime.now()

In [135]: now
Out[135]: datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 7, 20, 36, 8, 36987)

In [136]: now + timedelta(hours=10)
Out[136]: datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 8, 6, 36, 8, 36987)

In [137]: now + timedelta(days=1)
Out[137]: datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 8, 20, 36, 8, 36987)

In [138]: now - timedelta(days=3,hours=14)
Out[138]: datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 4, 6, 36, 8, 36987)

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