docker基本命令

Posted 2020-10-13 学习不停止

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运行交互式的容器：

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash #

[email protected]:/# ls

bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

-t:在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端。
-i:允许你对容器内的标准输入 (STDIN) 进行交互。

启动容器（后台模式）：

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -d ubuntu:15.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"

5a2a7609bb50410323b30532988422412a0bd76f7ca36a7b79fc7dfd58348402

[[email protected] ~]# docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

5a2a7609bb50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c ‘while tr" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds tiny_shaw

[[email protected] ~]# docker logs 5a2a7609bb50

hello world

…

停止容器：

[[email protected] ~]# docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

5a2a7609bb50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c ‘while tr" 4 minutes ago Exited (137) 6 seconds ago tiny_shaw

网络端口映射：

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py

6ab91fee56ff81c3ee71f89dfad0ed6439aaf698c563b4b90d9355f5231a8240

You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

6ab91fee56ff training/webapp:latest "python app.py" 6 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:32778->5000/tcp furious_rosalind

-d:让容器在后台运行。
-P:将容器内部使用的网络端口映射到我们使用的主机上。
-p:指定需要绑定的端口号

docker ps查看正在运行的容器：

-l，--latest=false:查看最后创建的容器（包含没有启动的容器）

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py

2bb2ed1f9867438b287b837151c88527cd21770eaec700323879815b5d1feea4

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

2bb2ed1f9867 training/webapp:latest "python app.py" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp high_mcclintock

查看网络端口映射：

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

2bb2ed1f9867 training/webapp:latest "python app.py" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp high_mcclintock

[[email protected]elk01 sysconfig]# docker port 2bb2ed1f9867 #可以使用容器ID或者名字

5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5000

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker port high_mcclintock

5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5000

查看容器的应用日志：

和tail -f一样

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker logs -f 2bb2ed1f9867

* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

10.11.102.12 - - [03/Nov/2017 06:52:49] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -

10.11.102.12 - - [03/Nov/2017 06:52:49] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -

检查WEB应用程序：

使用 docker inspect 来查看Docker的底层信息。它会返回一个 JSON 文件记录着 Docker 容器的配置和状态信息。

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker inspect 2bb2ed1f9867

[{

"AppArmorProfile": "",

"Args": [

"app.py"

"Config": {

"AttachStderr": false,

"AttachStdin": false,

"AttachStdout": false,

"Cmd": [

"python",

"app.py"

…

删除容器：

容器必须先停止，才能删除

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker rm 2bb2ed1f9867

Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f

FATA[0000] Error: failed to remove one or more containers

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker stop 2bb2ed1f9867

2bb2ed1f9867

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker rm 2bb2ed1f9867

2bb2ed1f9867

列出本地所有镜像;

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

yehaifeng/learn 6.7 a0318133f1fa 2 weeks ago 190.6 MB

yehaifeng/ubuntu v4 6b416869c565 2 weeks ago 137.2 MB

docker.io/mysql 5.6 dd751b1fac67 2 weeks ago 299 MB

docker.io/httpd latest fe37d22f8f5f 3 weeks ago 177.3 MB

docker.io/ubuntu latest bd92ca350bbd 3 weeks ago 122 MB

docker.io/nginx latest 2ecc072be0ec 3 weeks ago 108.3 MB

docker.io/debian jessie de2958a3c124 3 weeks ago 123.4 MB

docker.io/centos 6.7 27c25e48cd03 7 weeks ago 190.6 MB

docker.io/hello-world latest bef02f2f6467 7 weeks ago 1.84 kB

docker.io/jiaxiangkong/jumpserver_docker 0.3.2 80e9ddba8da6 11 months ago 179.2 MB

docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 bfaaabeea063 15 months ago 137.2 MB

docker.io/training/webapp latest 02a8815912ca 2.472794 years ago 348.7 MB

docker.io/ubuntu 13.10 195eb90b5349 3.379130 years ago 184.5 MB

REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源
TAG：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID：镜像ID
CREATED：镜像创建时间
SIZE：镜像大小

从镜像仓库查找下载镜像：

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker search nginx

INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 7172 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/jwilder/nginx-prox Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 1159 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 468 [OK]

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker pull nginx

latest: Pulling from docker.io/nginx

33e4f169980f: Pull complete

4732224668e2: Pull complete

d7a36ce98ade: Pull complete

d8b26cb8ad00: Pull complete

15fc5d030907: Pull complete

878f1c38771b: Pull complete

b18c56787b43: Pull complete

9c0ba5cb2724: Pull complete

2bbcf0f8fd73: Pull complete

6362f5ebce41: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:19d924bb7e9cfc412703c433e61803768cca7b2b8ef2ba1250be6647868a6acf

Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest

You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker image nginx

docker: ‘image‘ is not a docker command. See ‘docker --help‘.

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

docker.io/nginx latest 6362f5ebce41 6 days ago 108.4 MB

docker.io/mysql 5.6 dd751b1fac67 2 weeks ago 299 MB

docker.io/jiaxiangkong/jumpserver_docker 0.3.2 80e9ddba8da6 11 months ago 179.2 MB

创建镜像：

当我们从docker镜像仓库中下载的镜像不能满足我们的需求时，我们可以通过以下两种方式对镜像进行更改。

1.从已经创建的容器中更新镜像，并且提交这个镜像
2.使用 Dockerfile 指令来创建一个新的镜像

更新镜像：

#更新镜像之前，我们需要使用镜像来创建一个容器。

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash

Unable to find image ‘ubuntu:15.10‘ locally

15.10: Pulling from docker.io/ubuntu

8e40f6313e6b: Pull complete

e2224f46fc07: Pull complete

8c721b8e6e1c: Pull complete

a73b3adec5de: Pull complete

bfaaabeea063: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:cc767eb612212f9f5f06cd1f4e0821d781a5f83bc24d1182128a1088907d3825

Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/ubuntu:15.10

[email protected]:/# ls

bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

#在运行的容器内使用命令进行修改操作

[email protected]:/# apt-get update

Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily InRelease

Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates InRelease

Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-security InRelease

Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily Release.gpg

Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates Release.gpg

Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-security Release.gpg

Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily Release

…

#将修改好的副本提交docker仓库中，并指定版本为v2

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker commit -m="has update" -a="runoob" 7ea24f7664d0 yehaifeng/ubuntu:v2

2f84022778678a442c943c19b492232a4b5867d853ed57e11d0246150dda9c28

[[email protected] sysconfig]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

yehaifeng/ubuntu v2 2f8402277867 4 seconds ago 137.2 MB

docker.io/nginx latest 6362f5ebce41 6 days ago 108.4 MB

docker.io/mysql 5.6 dd751b1fac67 2 weeks ago 299 MB

docker.io/jiaxiangkong/jumpserver_docker 0.3.2 80e9ddba8da6 11 months ago 179.2 MB

docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 bfaaabeea063 15 months ago 137.2 MB

-m:提交的描述信息
-a:指定镜像作者
e218edb10161：容器ID
runoob/ubuntu:v2:指定要创建的目标镜像名

构建镜像docker build：

从零开始来创建一个新的镜像。为此，我们需要创建一个 Dockerfile 文件，其中包含一组指令来告诉 Docker 如何构建我们的镜像。

[[email protected] ~]# cat Dockerfile

FROM centos:6.7

MAINTAINER Fisher "[email protected]"

RUN /bin/echo ‘root:123456‘ |chpasswd

RUN useradd runoob

RUN /bin/echo ‘runoob:123456‘ |chpasswd

RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local

EXPOSE 22

EXPOSE 80

CMD /usr/sbin/sshd –D

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