多线程-Thread,Runnable,Callable,Future,RunnableFuture,FutureTask
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类图:
先看各自的源码:
public interface Runnable { public abstract void run(); }
public class Thread implements Runnable { /* What will be run. */ private Runnable target; }
Thread与Runnable其实是一个装饰器模式。
public interface Callable<V> { V call() throws Exception; }
public interface Future<V> { boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning); boolean isCancelled(); boolean isDone(); V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException; V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException; }
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> { void run(); }
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> { /** The underlying callable; nulled out after running */ private Callable<V> callable; /** The result to return or exception to throw from get() */ private Object outcome; public void run() { if (state != NEW || !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset, null, Thread.currentThread())) return; try { Callable<V> c = callable; if (c != null && state == NEW) { V result; boolean ran; try { result = c.call(); ran = true; } catch (Throwable ex) { result = null; ran = false; setException(ex); } if (ran) set(result); } } finally { // runner must be non-null until state is settled to // prevent concurrent calls to run() runner = null; // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent // leaked interrupts int s = state; if (s >= INTERRUPTING) handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s); } } }
从类的结构来看:
Runnable,Callable,Future接口本是互相独立的,没有直接的关系。
而Thread的一系列构造函数需要的是Runnable对象,所以Callable对象并不适合Thread构造函数,而是借助于FutureTask这个类,该类实现具有Future和Runnable接口能力的类,同时组合Callable对象,FutureTask在run()方法中调用Callable的call()方法,这是个典型的适配器模式:
Runable是个目标接口,定义了Thread所需的接口;
Callable是被适配接口,定义了一个已经存在的接口方法call()
FutureTask是个适配器类,作为一个转换器,将Runnable和Callable适配,适配器类是适配器模式的核心,它通过实现RunnableFuture和组合Callable使得两者产生关系。
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