Spring+Spring MVC+Hibernate框架搭建实例
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前言：这里只是说明整个搭建流程，并不进行原理性的讲解
一 下面所需要用到的数据库配置：
数据库方面，使用mysql创建一个users表，具体代码如下：
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`; CREATE TABLE `users` ( `UserID` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `UserName` varchar(16) NOT NULL, `Password` varchar(16) NOT NULL, `Telephone` varchar(16) NOT NULL, `Address` varchar(16) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`UserID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of users -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (‘1‘, ‘aa‘, ‘aa12‘, ‘aa‘, ‘aa‘); INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (‘2‘, ‘bb‘, ‘bb‘, ‘bb‘, ‘bb‘); INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (‘3‘, ‘cc‘, ‘cc‘, ‘cc‘, ‘cc‘); INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (‘7‘, ‘admin‘, ‘admin‘, ‘12306‘, ‘北京天安门‘);
二 创建web项目，并导入相关jar包：
创建一个dynamic web project，然后在WEB-INF/lib下导入spring和hibernate的jar包，嫌麻烦的话也可以使用我用到的jar包，链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kUse26z 。整个项目的结构是这样的：
三 创建视图页面user.jsp：
路径是：/WEB-INF/jsp/user/user.jsp，代码如下：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>Message : ${message}</h1> </body> </html>
四 根据数据库表的字段建立实体类Users.java：
实体类放在cn.zifangsky.entity包中，这里采用了注解的方式来配置，Users.java代码如下：
package cn.zifangsky.entity;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity(name="users")
public class Users implements java.io.Serializable{
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column(name="UserID")
private Integer userId;
@Column(name="UserName",length=16)
private String userName;
@Column(name="Password",length=16)
private String password;
@Column(name="Telephone",length=16)
private String telephone;
@Column(name="Address",length=16)
private String address;
public Users(){
}
public Users(Integer userId, String userName, String password, String telephone, String address) {
this.userId = userId;
this.userName = userName;
this.password = password;
this.telephone = telephone;
this.address = address;
}
public Integer getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getTelephone() {
return telephone;
}
public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
this.telephone = telephone;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}五 处理框架整合的配置文件：
（1）首先是web.xml，路径是：WEB-INF/web.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!-- 配置Spring --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 定义DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 设置字符集 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 控制Session的开关 --> <filter> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
（2）spring mvc所需要用到的配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml，路径是：src/springmvc-servlet.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 不操作静态资源 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 启动自动扫描该包下所有的Bean(例如@Controller) --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.zifangsky.controller" /> <!-- 定义视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/jsp/user/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
（3）整合hibernate所需要用到的配置文件spring-hibernate.xml，这里为了简单只用了基础的jdbc数据源，路径是src/spring-hibernate.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd "> <!-- 声明事务管理器 --> <bean id="myHibTxManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 定义事务通知 --> <tx:advice id="tx_Advice" transaction-manager="myHibTxManager"> <!-- 定义事务传播规则 --> <tx:attributes> <!-- 对get/load/search开头的方法应用只读事务规则 --> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="search*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /> <!-- 对其他方法应用REQUIRED事务规则 --> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <!-- 对com.zxpm.biz包下的所有类的所有方法都应用事务规则 --> <aop:pointcut id="bizMethods" expression="execution(* cn.zifangsky.service.*.*(..))" /> <!-- 将事务通知和切面组合 --> <aop:advisor advice-ref="tx_Advice" pointcut-ref="bizMethods" /> </aop:config> <!-- 配置数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/zxpm" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <!-- 可以加多个包 --> <value>cn.zifangsky.entity</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
（4）加载bean配置文件spring-bean.xml，当然具体的一些bean将在下一环节中配置，路径：src/spring-bean.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd"> <bean id="usersDAO" class="cn.zifangsky.dao.UsersDAO"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <bean id="userService" class="cn.zifangsky.service.UserService"> <property name="userDao" ref="usersDAO"></property> </bean> </beans>
六 业务处理DAO,Service和Controller：
（1）UsersDAO.java，在cn.zifangsky.dao这个包中：
package cn.zifangsky.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateCallback;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import cn.zifangsky.entity.Users;
public class UsersDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport{
public List<Users> getAllUser(){
Object execute = super.getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback<Object>() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
String hql="from users";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
return query.list();
}
});
return (List<Users>) execute;
}
}（2）UserService.java，在cn.zifangsky.service这个包中：
package cn.zifangsky.service;
import cn.zifangsky.dao.UsersDAO;
public class UserService {
private UsersDAO userDao;
public int userCount(){
return userDao.getAllUser().size();
}
public UsersDAO getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
}（3）UserController.java，在cn.zifangsky.controller这个包中：
package cn.zifangsky.controller;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import cn.zifangsky.service.UserService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Resource(name="userService")
private UserService service;
@RequestMapping(value="/manager",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView hello2(){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("message", "HelloMVC");
mv.setViewName("user");
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/count",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView count(){
int c = service.userCount();
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("message", c);
mv.setViewName("user");
return mv;
}
}从上面的代码可以看出，定义了两个请求，分别是：http://localhost:8080/SpringDemo/user/manager 和 http://localhost:8080/SpringDemo/user/count ，分别返回一个字符串和users这个表中数据的条数。下面我们将对这两个请求进行测试
七 测试：
测试结果如下：
http://localhost:8080/SpringDemo/user/manager
http://localhost:8080/SpringDemo/user/count
可以看出，这个框架已经搭建成功了
注：如果在项目启动时报错的话，第一是检查配置文件中是不是有哪个地方写错了，第二是注意看下/WEB-INF/lib下有没有aopalliance.jar和aspectjweaver-1.5.4.jar这两个jar包。因为我刚开始时就是因为没有这两个jar包，在项目启动时各种报错，真的挺坑的
PS：参考文章：http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/p/3727859.html
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