Ansible - 配置及命令简介

Posted 2020-10-06 走心的狗

Ⅰ. Ansible配置

# mkdir /etc/ansible
# touch /etc/ansible/hosts
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.137.6 client
192.168.137.5 server
192.168.137.7 web1
192.168.137.8 web2
# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[local]
server
client
[web]
web1
web2

 

我这里就添加了两个主机组：local、web，每个主机组两台主机。

这里你可以把同一类主机或者是想统一管理的主机放在一个主机组里。

 

Ⅱ. Ansible命令

1> 执行第一条ansible命令

# ansible local -m ping  #使用ping模块
                server | UNREACHABLE! => {
                      "changed": false, 
                      "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Permission denied  (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).\r\n", 
               }

                client | UNREACHABLE! => {
                      "changed": false, 
                      "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).\r\n", 
               }

 

由于ansible是基于ssh，这里我们先要配置公钥。

# ssh-keygen -t rsa

# ssh-copy-id -i [email protected]192.168.137.6 #为ansible管理的主机安装server的公钥

 

再次运行上一条命令：
 

# ansible local -m ping
                server | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": false, 
                    "ping": "pong"
                }

                client | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": false, 
                    "ping": "pong"
                }

 

2> 其他命令简介

查看local组主机内存使用情况：

# ansible local -a "free -m"
server | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1496         540         325          10         630         751
Swap:          2047           0        2047
client | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1496         453          91           6         951         844
Swap:          2047           3        2044
 

 

若要执行带有管道的命令，可使用shell模块：

# ansible local -m shell -a "df -h | grep /home"
server | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
/dev/mapper/cl-home   16G  187M   16G   2% /home
client | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
/dev/mapper/cl-home   16G  187M   16G   2% /home

 

限定命令只在一台client主机生效：

# ansible -a "df -h" --limit "client"

 

其他ansible参数可使用ansible -h查看。

 

 

3> 常用模块命令举例

①file模块

创建文件符链接：

# ansible local -m file -a "src=/etc/resolv.conf dest=/tmp/resolv.conf state=link"

更改文件权限为755，属组为root:root：

ansible local -m file -a "dest=/tmp/resolv.conf mode=755 owner=root group=root"

 

②service模块

启动NTP服务：

# ansible local -m service -a "name=ntpd state=started enabled=yes"

 

③copy模块

将本地文件拷贝到远程服务器：

# ansible local -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg dest=/tmp/ansible.cfg owner=root group=root mode=0644"

更多模块请参考命令ansible-doc -l

模块官网 http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/list_of_all_modules.html