R语言实战 - 基本数据管理
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8. 数据排序
> leadership$age [1] 32 45 25 39 NA > newdata <- leadership[order(leadership$age),] > newdata manager testDate country gender age item1 item2 item3 item4 item5 3 3 2008-10-01 UK F 25 3 5 5 5 2 1 1 2008-10-24 US M 32 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 2008-10-12 UK M 39 3 3 4 NA NA 2 2 2008-10-28 US F 45 3 5 2 5 5 5 5 2009-05-01 UK F NA 2 2 1 2 1 stringAsFactors agecat 3 FALSE Young 1 FALSE Young 4 FALSE Young 2 FALSE Young 5 FALSE <NA> > > > attach(leadership) The following objects are masked _by_ .GlobalEnv: age, country, gender, manager > newdata <- leadership[order(gender, age),] > detach(leadership) > newdata manager testDate country gender age item1 item2 item3 item4 item5 3 3 2008-10-01 UK F 25 3 5 5 5 2 2 2 2008-10-28 US F 45 3 5 2 5 5 5 5 2009-05-01 UK F NA 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2008-10-24 US M 32 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 2008-10-12 UK M 39 3 3 4 NA NA stringAsFactors agecat 3 FALSE Young 2 FALSE Young 5 FALSE <NA> 1 FALSE Young 4 FALSE Young > > attach(leadership) The following objects are masked _by_ .GlobalEnv: age, country, gender, manager > newdata <- leadership[order(gender, -age),] > detach(leadership) > newdata manager testDate country gender age item1 item2 item3 item4 item5 5 5 2009-05-01 UK F NA 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2008-10-28 US F 45 3 5 2 5 5 3 3 2008-10-01 UK F 25 3 5 5 5 2 4 4 2008-10-12 UK M 39 3 3 4 NA NA 1 1 2008-10-24 US M 32 5 4 5 5 5 stringAsFactors agecat 5 FALSE <NA> 2 FALSE Young 3 FALSE Young 4 FALSE Young 1 FALSE Young >
9. 数据集的合并
9.1 添加列
> patientID <- c(1, 2, 3, 4) > age <- c(25, 34, 28, 52) > status <- c("poor", "improved", "excellent", "poor") > gender <- c("F", "M", "M", "F") > dataframeA <- data.frame(patientID, gender) > dataframeA patientID gender 1 1 F 2 2 M 3 3 M 4 4 F > dataframeB <- data.frame(patientID, age, status) > dataframeB patientID age status 1 1 25 poor 2 2 34 improved 3 3 28 excellent 4 4 52 poor > total <- merge(dataframeA, dataframeB, by="ID") Error in fix.by(by.x, x) : ‘by‘ must specify a uniquely valid column > total <- merge(dataframeA, dataframeB, by="patientID") > total patientID gender age status 1 1 F 25 poor 2 2 M 34 improved 3 3 M 28 excellent 4 4 F 52 poor > total <- merge(dataframeA, dataframeB, by=c("gender", "age")) Error in fix.by(by.x, x) : ‘by‘ must specify a uniquely valid column > total <- merge(dataframeA, dataframeB, by=c("patientID", "age")) Error in fix.by(by.x, x) : ‘by‘ must specify a uniquely valid column > > total <- cbind(dataframeA, dataframeB) > total patientID gender patientID age status 1 1 F 1 25 poor 2 2 M 2 34 improved 3 3 M 3 28 excellent 4 4 F 4 52 poor >
9.2 添加行
> total <- rbind(dataframeA, dataframeB) Error in rbind(deparse.level, ...) : numbers of columns of arguments do not match
10. 数据集取子集
10.1 选入(保留)变量
10.2 剔除(丢弃)变量
10.3 选入观测
10.4 subset() 函数
10.5 随机抽样
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