7.6 yum更换国内源 7.7 yum下载rpm包 7.8/7.9 源码包安装
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7.6 yum更换国内源 7.7 yum下载rpm包 7.8/7.9 源码包安装 扩展 1. 配置yum源优先级 http://ask.apelearn.com/question/7168 2. 把源码包打包成rpm包 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70096.htm # 7.6 yum更换国内源  - 有时候自带的yum 仓库 yum源 不太好使，本身自带的yum里的网址资源，是国外的，从国内下国外的rpm包肯定会很慢，所以搞一个国内的yum源 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls dvd.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo 首先把之前备份的文件给恢复，dvd.repo 就不要了，删了 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* . cp: 略过目录"../yum.repos.d.bak/yum.repos.d" [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` 1. 再把 CentOS-Base.repo 最核心最基本的那个源 删掉不要这个，改一个，改成国内的163的源 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo 使用命令wget 去下载 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo -bash: wget: 未找到命令 ``` 2.wget命令没有本来可以用yum 安装，但是刚刚我们把 CentOS-Base.repo 删掉了，所以用下面这个命令 curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 1572 100 1572 0 0 9623 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 9703 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo ``` 3. 打开这个看下 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo # CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] "CentOS7-Base-163.repo" 41L, 1572C 1,1 顶端 ``` 4.使用yum list 看下 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum list 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile zsh-html.x86_64 5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 updates zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 base zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base zziplib-devel.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 base zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install zlib 已加载插件：fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 软件包 zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本 无须任何处理 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` 5.已经安装过了，试下别的包 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 =========================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 =========================================================================================== 正在安装: zsh x86_64 5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 updates 2.4 M 事务概要 =========================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：2.4 M 安装大小：5.6 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: n Exiting on user command 您的事务已保存，请执行： yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.16-23.AT17pc.yumtx 重新执行该事务 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` 6.那这个到底是不是163的源，可以先改名看下，再yum clean all 清除所有缓存 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean all 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile There are no enabled repos. Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have. To enable Red Hat Subscription Management repositories: subscription-manager repos --enable <repo> To enable custom repositories: yum-config-manager --enable <repo> [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 源标识 源名称 状态 C7.0.1406-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base 禁用 C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Extras 禁用 C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Updates 禁用 C7.1.1503-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base 禁用 C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras 禁用 C7.1.1503-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Updates 禁用 C7.2.1511-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Base 禁用 C7.2.1511-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.2.1511-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Extras 禁用 C7.2.1511-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.2.1511-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Updates 禁用 base-debuginfo/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Debuginfo 禁用 base-source/7 CentOS-7 - Base Sources 禁用 c7-media CentOS-7 - Media 禁用 centosplus-source/7 CentOS-7 - Plus Sources 禁用 cr/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - cr 禁用 extras-source/7 CentOS-7 - Extras Sources 禁用 fasttrack/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - fasttrack 禁用 updates-source/7 CentOS-7 - Updates Sources 禁用 repolist: 0 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` 7.都是禁用的，再把名字改回来 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123 CentOS7-Base-163.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 源标识 源名称 状态 C7.0.1406-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base 禁用 C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Extras 禁用 C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Updates 禁用 C7.1.1503-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base 禁用 C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras 禁用 C7.1.1503-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Updates 禁用 C7.2.1511-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Base 禁用 C7.2.1511-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.2.1511-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Extras 禁用 C7.2.1511-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus 禁用 C7.2.1511-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Updates 禁用 base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com 启用: 9,363 base-debuginfo/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Debuginfo 禁用 base-source/7 CentOS-7 - Base Sources 禁用 c7-media CentOS-7 - Media 禁用 centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - 163.com 禁用 centosplus-source/7 CentOS-7 - Plus Sources 禁用 cr/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - cr 禁用 extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com 启用: 449 extras-source/7 CentOS-7 - Extras Sources 禁用 fasttrack/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - fasttrack 禁用 updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com 启用: 2,146 updates-source/7 CentOS-7 - Updates Sources 禁用 repolist: 11,958 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` 8。再清除缓存，重新安装一些zsh包 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean all 已加载插件：fastestmirror 正在清理软件源： base extras updates Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh 已加载插件：fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 191 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.6 MB 00:00:03 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 7.8 MB 00:00:03 Determining fastest mirrors 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 =========================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 =========================================================================================== 正在安装: zsh x86_64 5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 updates 2.4 M 事务概要 =========================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：2.4 M 安装大小：5.6 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: 您的事务已保存，请执行： yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.16-30.hWaWgQ.yumtx 重新执行该事务 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` 9.这时候就可以安装wget wget 就是下载这个文件 CentOS7-Base-163.repo ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install -y wget 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 wget.x86_64.0.1.14-13.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 =========================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 =========================================================================================== 正在安装: wget x86_64 1.14-13.el7 base 546 k 事务概要 =========================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：546 k 安装大小：2.0 M Downloading packages: wget-1.14-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 546 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : wget-1.14-13.el7.x86_64 1/1 验证中 : wget-1.14-13.el7.x86_64 1/1 已安装: wget.x86_64 0:1.14-13.el7 完毕！ [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` ## 7.7 安装一个扩展源epel  - 使用命令yum install -y epel-release ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-9 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 =========================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 =========================================================================================== 正在安装: epel-release noarch 7-9 extras 14 k 事务概要 =========================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：14 k 安装大小：24 k Downloading packages: epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1 验证中 : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1 已安装: epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 完毕！ [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls 这里多了俩个包 epel.repo epel-testing.repo CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` - 再cat一下这个文件看下 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo [epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 [epel-debuginfo] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch/debug mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=1 [epel-source] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/SRPMS mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=1 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` - 使用yum list 查看一下，这样看不太清楚，现在用一个命令yum list |grep epel ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep epel zlib-ada-devel.x86_64 1.4-0.5.20120830CVS.el7 epel zmap.x86_64 2.1.1-1.el7 epel znc.x86_64 1.6.5-1.el7 epel znc-devel.x86_64 1.6.5-1.el7 epel znc-modperl.x86_64 1.6.5-1.el7 epel znc-modpython.x86_64 1.6.5-1.el7 epel znc-modtcl.x86_64 1.6.5-1.el7 epel zopfli.x86_64 1.0.1-1.el7 epel zsh-lovers.noarch 0.9.0-1.el7 epel zstd.x86_64 1.3.0-1.el7 epel zulucrypt.x86_64 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zulucrypt-console.x86_64 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zulucrypt-devel.x86_64 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zulucrypt-doc.noarch 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zulucrypt-libs.x86_64 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zvbi.x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel zvbi-devel.x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel zvbi-fonts.noarch 0.2.35-1.el7 epel [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` - 这个epel 非常有用，后续使用会多次用到这个 # yum 下载rpm 包  - 网上的rpm 包有很多，虽然可以 在 光驱光盘里找到一些rpm ，像一些 epel光驱没有，但是想要，可以下到本地来，可以把这些包保存下来，可以让其他机器去用，省的再yum安装下半天，它实际上是yum的一个插件 - 这种做法，你需要先确认下，你现在的rpm包是否已经安装过了 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly downloadonly 仅仅下载不安装 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror.premi.st 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ======================================================================================================= Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ======================================================================================================= 正在安装: zsh x86_64 5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 updates 2.4 M 事务概要 ======================================================================================================= 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：2.4 M 安装大小：5.6 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:01 exiting because "Download Only" specified [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh 未安装软件包 zsh [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` - 并没有安装，仅仅是下载，因为加了--downloadonly ，那下载到哪里去了？ ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base bd50ff3d861cc21d254a390a963e9f0fd7b7b96ed9d31ece2f2b1997aa3a056f-primary.sqlite.bz2 gen c55e5b7bbe933fa8dac2cffca4596c265812b74ed12ef3968d487dd6eb22ad93-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz packages cachecookie repomd.xml [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/ [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/ zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` - 指定它下载的路径 指定到/tmp/下 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror.premi.st 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ========================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ========================================================================== 正在安装: zsh x86_64 5.0.2-25.el7_3.1 updates 2.4 M 事务概要 ========================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：2.4 M 安装大小：5.6 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: exiting because "Download Only" specified [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/ 1.txt 1.txt.bz2 1.txt.gz 2.txt.xz aminglinux d6z fstab ls2 passwd.sh systemd-private-e031fa9e20494934b9848b750907442a-vmtoolsd.service-RI8yhR xxx.conf yum_save_tx.2017-08-11.23-52.oRt6jf.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.00-28.o4N6Ss.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.00-31.QLxOxc.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.16-23.AT17pc.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.16-30.hWaWgQ.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.17-40.W2Mqi8.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.17-54.DgNopW.yumtx zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` - 再来弄一个vim 的 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn 软件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本 无须任何处理 [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` - 发现已经存在了，那可以使用命令reinstall 重新安装 ``` [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 vim-enhanced.x86_64.2.7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 将被 已重新安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ========================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ========================================================================== 重新安装: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 1.0 M 事务概要 ========================================================================== 重新安装 1 软件包 总下载量：1.0 M 安装大小：2.2 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00 exiting because "Download Only" specified [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/ 1.txt 1.txt.bz2 1.txt.gz 2.txt.xz aminglinux d6z fstab ls2 passwd.sh systemd-private-e031fa9e20494934b9848b750907442a-vmtoolsd.service-RI8yhR vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm xxx.conf yum_save_tx.2017-08-11.23-52.oRt6jf.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.00-28.o4N6Ss.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.00-31.QLxOxc.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.16-23.AT17pc.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.16-30.hWaWgQ.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.17-40.W2Mqi8.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.17-54.DgNopW.yumtx yum_save_tx.2017-08-12.17-58.d_63wU.yumtx zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ``` # 7.8 源码包安装 上  - 为了形成统一规范，方便找、管理 ，以后所有源码包都放在/usr/local/src/目录下 ``` [[email protected] etc]# cd [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/ [[email protected] etc]# cd yum.repos.d [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# cd [[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [[email protected] src]# ls [[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz --2017-08-12 20:23:09-- http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz 正在解析主机 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)... 101.6.6.177, 2402:f000:1:416:101:6:6:177 正在连接 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)|101.6.6.177|:80... 已连接。 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度：8603417 (8.2M) [application/octet-stream] 正在保存至: “httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz.1” 100%[=================================================>] 8,603,417 1.27MB/s 用时 6.3s 2017-08-12 20:23:15 (1.31 MB/s) - 已保存 “httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz.1” [8603417/8603417]) [[email protected] src]# ls httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz.1 [[email protected] src]# 解压.gz的包 [[email protected] src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz ... httpd-2.4.27/test/Makefile.in httpd-2.4.27/test/README httpd-2.4.27/test/tcpdumpscii.txt httpd-2.4.27/test/test-writev.c httpd-2.4.27/test/test_find.c httpd-2.4.27/test/test_limits.c httpd-2.4.27/test/test_parser.c httpd-2.4.27/test/test_select.c httpd-2.4.27/test/time-sem.c httpd-2.4.27/VERSIONING [[email protected] src]# 解压后，进入这个目录下去 [[email protected] src]# cd httpd-2.4.27 [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ls ABOUT_APACHE buildconf httpd.dsp libhttpd.mak README.cmake acinclude.m4 CHANGES httpd.mak LICENSE README.platforms Apache-apr2.dsw CMakeLists.txt httpd.spec Makefile.in ROADMAP Apache.dsw config.layout include Makefile.win server apache_probes.d configure INSTALL modules srclib ap.d configure.in InstallBin.dsp NOTICE support build docs LAYOUT NWGNUmakefile test BuildAll.dsp emacs-style libhttpd.dep os VERSIONING BuildBin.dsp httpd.dep libhttpd.dsp README [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# 用more 查看安装文档 [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# more INSTALL APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW Quick Start - Unix ------------------ For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX $ make $ make install $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start NOTES: * Replace PREFIX with the filesystem path under which Apache should be installed. A typical installation might use "/usr/local/apache2" for PREFIX (without the quotes). * Consider if you want to use a previously installed APR and APR-Util (such as those provided with many OSes) or if you need to use the APR and APR-Util from the apr.apache.org project. If the latter, download the latest versions and unpack them to ./srclib/apr and ./srclib/apr-util (no version numbers in the directory names) and use ``` 1. ./configure --prefix=PREFIX ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 checking for chosen layout... Apache checking for working mkdir -p... yes checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu configure: configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library... configure: checking for APR... no configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation. [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# echo $? 1 [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ``` - 如果想检查上条命令是否正常，可以运行命令 echo $? 结果如果是非0 就是不正常，如果是0就是正常 上面出现这个报错：checking for APR... no 那几用yum 安装下APR ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# yum install -y APR [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# yum install -y APR 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: ftp.riken.jp 没有可用软件包 APR。 * 也许您想要：apr 错误：无须任何处理 [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# yum install -y apr 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 apr.x86_64.0.1.4.8-3.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 =========================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 =========================================================================================== 正在安装: apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k 事务概要 =========================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：103 k 安装大小：221 k Downloading packages: apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 验证中 : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 已安装: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 完毕！ [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ``` - 报错说 也许要安装apr 那就yum重新安装一次， - ``` [[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz --2017-08-12 21:32:07-- http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz 正在解析主机 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)... 101.6.6.178, 2402:f000:1:416:101:6:6:178 正在连接 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)|101.6.6.178|:80... 已连接。 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度：8603417 (8.2M) [application/octet-stream] 正在保存至: “httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz.2” 100%[=================================================>] 8,603,417 532KB/s 用时 16s 2017-08-12 21:32:23 (531 KB/s) - 已保存 “httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz.2” [8603417/8603417]) [[email protected] src]# ``` - 再运行一次./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2命令 ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 checking for chosen layout... Apache checking for working mkdir -p... yes checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu configure: configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library... configure: checking for APR... no configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation. ``` - 还是报错，说缺少APR 使用 yum list |grep -i apr 把前面yum列表里的内容 过滤 有apr 字符的 包 ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# yum list |grep -i apr apr.x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 @base apr.i686 1.4.8-3.el7 base apr-devel.i686 1.4.8-3.el7 base apr-devel.x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base apr-util.i686 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-devel.i686 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-devel.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-ldap.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-nss.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-odbc.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-openssl.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-pgsql.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base apr-util-sqlite.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base haproxy.x86_64 1.5.18-3.el7_3.1 updates libapreq2.x86_64 2.13-11.el7.1 epel libapreq2-devel.x86_64 2.13-11.el7.1 epel libchromaprint.x86_64 1.0-1.el7 epel libchromaprint-devel.x86_64 1.0-1.el7 epel perl-libapreq2.x86_64 2.13-11.el7.1 epel php-whitehat101-apr1-md5.noarch 1.0.0-1.el7 epel snapraid.x86_64 10.0-1.el7 epel ``` - 安装下文件 apr-devel.x86_64 库文件 - 安装完 apr-devel.x86_64 文件后，再继续运行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2，还是报错 ``` checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99 checking for pcre-config... false configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/ [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# echo $? 1 ``` - echo $? 检查上一步操作是否正常，如果是非0 就是错误，0就是正常，上面显示缺少pcre 库文件，继续使用命令yum list|grep -i pcre ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# yum list |grep -i pcre pcre.x86_64 8.32-15.el7_2.1 @anaconda ghc-pcre-light.x86_64 0.4-13.el7 epel ghc-pcre-light-devel.x86_64 0.4-13.el7 epel mingw32-pcre.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel mingw32-pcre-static.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel mingw64-pcre.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel mingw64-pcre-static.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel pcre.i686 8.32-15.el7_2.1 base pcre-devel.i686 8.32-15.el7_2.1 base pcre-devel.x86_64 8.32-15.el7_2.1 base pcre-static.i686 8.32-15.el7_2.1 base pcre-static.x86_64 8.32-15.el7_2.1 base pcre-tools.x86_64 8.32-15.el7_2.1 base ``` - 再次安装 库文件pcre-devel.x86_64 使用命令yum install -y pcre-devel.x86_64 ``` 总下载量：479 k 安装大小：1.4 M Downloading packages: pcre-devel-8.32-15.el7_2.1.x86_64.rpm | 479 kB 00:00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : pcre-devel-8.32-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 1/1 验证中 : pcre-devel-8.32-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 1/1 已安装: pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-15.el7_2.1 ``` - 再次运行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 初始化配置 ``` 完毕！ [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h config.status: executing default commands configure: summary of build options: Server Version: 2.4.27 Install prefix: /usr/local/apache2 C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99 CFLAGS: -pthread LDFLAGS: LIBS: CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE C preprocessor: gcc -E [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# echo $? 0 [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ``` - 第二步 make ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# make ``` # 7.9 源码包安装下  ``` avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo make[4]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/modules/mappers” make[3]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/modules/mappers” make[2]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/modules” make[2]: 进入目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/support” make[2]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/support” make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27” [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# echo $? 0 [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ``` - 第三步 make install ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# make install Installing man pages and online manual mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man/man1 mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man/man8 mkdir /usr/local/apache2/manual make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27” [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# echo $? 0 ``` - 打开就可以看到 生成了这么多目录,这就是源码编译安装的包 ``` [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ls /usr/local/apache2 bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules [[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ``` - 源码包一定要去官方下载，或者是可信任的站点 这样比较安全，不要随便自己去去，随便下会容易出现木马，这样事情很可怕。 ## 扩展 - [ ] 1. 配置yum源优先级 http://ask.apelearn.com/question/7168 yum更新源优先级设置 1.安装 yum-priorities yum install yum-priorities 2.priorities的配置文件是/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf，确认其是否存在。 其内容为: [main] enabled=1 # 0禁用 1启用 3.编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录下的*.repo 文件来设置优先级。 参数为： priority=N # N的值为1-99 推荐的设置为： [base], [addons], [updates], [extras] … priority=1 [centosplus],[contrib] … priority=2 Third Party Repos such as rpmforge … priority=N (where N is > 10 and based on your preference) 数字越大,优先级越低 - [ ] 2. 把源码包打包成rpm包 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70096.htm 有好多朋友问到怎么制作rpm包，可不可把其它服务器上编译好的软件目录复杂到其它服务器上直接应用等等。。。这里做个简单的介绍，高级复杂的不会。 此方法是通过编写spec文件，使用rpmbuild来完成一个rpm的打包。 以nginx为例进行介绍 制作平台:CentOS 5.x X86_64 四步走： 第一步：建立目录结构 mkdir /usr/src/RedHat/{SOURCES,SPECS,BUILD,RPMS,SRPMS} -p 相关目录介绍： /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES #存放源代码、补丁等文件 /usr/src/redhat/SPECS #存放用于管理rpm制作进程的spec文件 /usr/src/redhat/BUILD #解压后的文件存放目录 /usr/src/redhat/RPMS #存放由rpmbuild制作好的二进制包 /usr/src/redhat/SRPMS #存放由rpmbuild制作好的源码包 第二步：把源码包放在SOURCES目录下 cd /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz 第三步：生成nginx.spec文件 ``` cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS cat nginx.spec # # spec file for nginx # Build 2012-07-17 # By opsren # Summary: High performance web server Name: Nginx Version: 1.2 Release: 0.el5.ngx License: 2-clause BSD-like license Group: Applications/Server Source: http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz URL: http://nginx.org Distribution: Centos/Redhat Packager: qiuzhijun <[email protected]> %description Nginx ("engine x") is a high performance HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as a mail(IMAP/POP3/SMTP) proxy server. %prep tar zxf $RPM_SOURCE_DIR/nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz %build cd nginx-1.2.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid make %install cd nginx-1.2.0 make install %preun if [ -z "`ps aux | grep nginx | grep -v grep`" ];then pkill nginx >/dev/null exit 0 fi %files /usr/local/webserver/nginx ``` 第四步：RPM包制作 首先系统要安装好必备的制作工具：gcc、rpmbuild等 yum -y install gcc rpm-build pcre-devel cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/ rpmbuild -bb nginx.spec 通过上面这条命令，会在/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/下面生成nginx-1.2.0-1.el5.ngx.x86_64.rpm这个文件 -bb 这个选项就是制作二进制包（build binary package only from <specfile>） 对spec文件内容进行简单说明： spec文件是制作rpm包的核心！ 以#开头的是注释信息; Summary:对相关软件进行简单描述说明 Name:定义rpm包的名称 Version:定义软件的版本号 Release:发行版本 License:定义许可证 Group:说明软件属于哪种应用类型 Source:软件源码下载地址 URL:软件相关官方站点 Distribution: 发行版系列 Packager: 制作人的简单信息 %description:软件详细描述信息 %prep:软件编译之前的处理 %build:编译软件 %install:安装软件 %preun:定义卸载之前的动作 %files:指定要打包的软件包，这里是/usr/local/webserver/nginx 对于更详细的说明请参考官方资料：http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/ch-rpm-inside.html 下面是apache的spec文件实例： ``` # # spec file for apache # Build 2012-07-17 # By opsren # Summary: High stability web server Name: Apache Version: 2.2 Release: 22.el5 License: 2-clause BSD-like license Group: Applications/Server Source: http://apache.etoak.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz URL: http://apache.org Distribution: Centos/Redhat Packager: qiuzhijun <[email protected]> %description Apache is a first web server %prep tar zxf $RPM_SOURCE_DIR/httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz %build cd httpd-2.2.22 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/apache --enable-so --enable-deflate --enable-headers --enable-mods-shared=all --enable-rewrite make %install cd httpd-2.2.22 make install %preun if [ -z "`ps aux | grep httpd | grep -v grep`" ];then pkill httpd >/dev/null exit 0 fi %files /usr/local/webserver/apache ``` 以后对于相同或类似平台可以到其它服务器上进行rpm安装部署。 另外还有一种rpm打包的方法：rpm_create 这是一种新的打rpm的工具，不用spec语言，只需要会简单的shell命令，即可完成打包操作，非常方便，结合了spec语言和checkinstall，相比spec方法要简单很多！ 官方站点：http://code.google.com/p/rpmcreate/ 下载站点：wget http://rpmcreate.googlecode.com/files/rpm_create-1.7.5-9.x86_64.rpm 大家可以去官方站点参考！
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