[USACO11FEB] Cow Line
Posted 日拱一卒 功不唐捐
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https://www.luogu.org/problem/show?pid=3014
题目描述
The N (1 <= N <= 20) cows conveniently numbered 1...N are playing yet another one of their crazy games with Farmer John. The cows will arrange themselves in a line and ask Farmer John what their line number is. In return, Farmer John can give them a line number and the cows must rearrange themselves into that line.
A line number is assigned by numbering all the permutations of the line in lexicographic order.
Consider this example:
Farmer John has 5 cows and gives them the line number of 3.
The permutations of the line in ascending lexicographic order: 1st: 1 2 3 4 5
2nd: 1 2 3 5 4
3rd: 1 2 4 3 5
Therefore, the cows will line themselves in the cow line 1 2 4 3 5.
The cows, in return, line themselves in the configuration ‘1 2 5 3 4‘ and ask Farmer John what their line number is.
Continuing with the list:
4th : 1 2 4 5 3
5th : 1 2 5 3 4
Farmer John can see the answer here is 5
Farmer John and the cows would like your help to play their game. They have K (1 <= K <= 10,000) queries that they need help with. Query i has two parts: C_i will be the command, which is either ‘P‘ or ‘Q‘.
If C_i is ‘P‘, then the second part of the query will be one integer A_i (1 <= A_i <= N!), which is a line number. This is Farmer John challenging the cows to line up in the correct cow line.
If C_i is ‘Q‘, then the second part of the query will be N distinct integers B_ij (1 <= B_ij <= N). This will denote a cow line. These are the cows challenging Farmer John to find their line number.
输入输出格式
输入格式:
-
Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and K
- Lines 2..2*K+1: Line 2*i and 2*i+1 will contain a single query.
Line 2*i will contain just one character: ‘Q‘ if the cows are lining up and asking Farmer John for their line number or ‘P‘ if Farmer John gives the cows a line number.
If the line 2*i is ‘Q‘, then line 2*i+1 will contain N space-separated integers B_ij which represent the cow line. If the line 2*i is ‘P‘, then line 2*i+1 will contain a single integer A_i which is the line number to solve for.
输出格式:
- Lines 1..K: Line i will contain the answer to query i.
If line 2*i of the input was ‘Q‘, then this line will contain a single integer, which is the line number of the cow line in line 2*i+1.
If line 2*i of the input was ‘P‘, then this line will contain N space separated integers giving the cow line of the number in line 2*i+1.
输入输出样例
5 2 P 3 Q 1 2 5 3 4
1 2 4 3 5 5
题意:
询问这是第几个全排列,询问第k个全排列是什么
#include<cstdio> #include<cstring> using namespace std; long long jc[21]; bool v[21]; int p[21]; int main() { jc[1]=1; for(int i=2;i<=20;i++) jc[i]=jc[i-1]*i; int n,q,cnt,now; long long x,tot; char c[5]; scanf("%d%d",&n,&q); while(q--) { scanf("%s",c); if(c[0]==‘P‘) { scanf("%lld",&x); memset(v,0,sizeof(v)); for(int i=1;i<n;i++) { cnt=now=0; while(x>jc[n-i]) x-=jc[n-i],cnt++; for(int i=1;i<=20;i++) if(!v[i]) { now++; if(now==cnt+1) { printf("%d",i); continue; } } } for(int i=1;i<=20;i++) if(!v[i]) { printf("%d\n",i); break; } } else { tot=0,sum; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&p[i]); memset(v,0,sizeof(v)); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { sum=0; for(now=1;now<=n;now++) if(!v[now]) break; else sum++; v[now]=true; now-=sum; tot+=(now-1)*jc[n-i]; } printf("lld\n",tot); } } }
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