UVA 1359 POJ 3522 Slim Span（最小生成树kruskal）

Posted 2020-10-03 Farewell

Given an undirected weighted graph G, you should find one of spanning trees specified as follows.

The graph G is an ordered pair (V, E), where V is a set of vertices {v₁, v₂, …, v_n} and E is a set of undirected edges {e₁, e₂, …, e_m}. Each edge e ∈ E has its weight w(e).

A spanning tree T is a tree (a connected subgraph without cycles) which connects all the n vertices with n − 1 edges. The slimness of a spanning tree T is defined as the difference between the largest weight and the smallest weight among the n − 1 edges of T.

 
Figure 5: A graph G and the weights of the edges

For example, a graph G in Figure 5(a) has four vertices {v₁, v₂, v₃, v₄} and five undirected edges {e₁, e₂, e₃, e₄, e₅}. The weights of the edges are w(e₁) = 3, w(e₂) = 5, w(e₃) = 6, w(e₄) = 6, w(e₅) = 7 as shown in Figure 5(b).

 
Figure 6: Examples of the spanning trees of G

There are several spanning trees for G. Four of them are depicted in Figure 6(a)~(d). The spanning tree T_a in Figure 6(a) has three edges whose weights are 3, 6 and 7. The largest weight is 7 and the smallest weight is 3 so that the slimness of the tree T_a is 4. The slimnesses of spanning trees T_b, T_c and T_d shown in Figure 6(b), (c) and (d) are 3, 2 and 1, respectively. You can easily see the slimness of any other spanning tree is greater than or equal to 1, thus the spanning tree Td in Figure 6(d) is one of the slimmest spanning trees whose slimness is 1.

Your job is to write a program that computes the smallest slimness.

Input

The input consists of multiple datasets, followed by a line containing two zeros separated by a space. Each dataset has the following format.

n	m
a1	b1	w1
	?
am	bm	wm

Every input item in a dataset is a non-negative integer. Items in a line are separated by a space. n is the number of the vertices and m the number of the edges. You can assume 2 ≤ n ≤ 100 and 0 ≤ m ≤ n(n − 1)/2. a_k and b_k (k = 1, …, m) are positive integers less than or equal to n, which represent the two vertices v_ak and v_bk connected by the kth edge e_k. w_k is a positive integer less than or equal to 10000, which indicates the weight of e_k. You can assume that the graph G = (V, E) is simple, that is, there are no self-loops (that connect the same vertex) nor parallel edges (that are two or more edges whose both ends are the same two vertices).

Output

For each dataset, if the graph has spanning trees, the smallest slimness among them should be printed. Otherwise, −1 should be printed. An output should not contain extra characters.

Sample Input

4 5
1 2 3
1 3 5
1 4 6
2 4 6
3 4 7
4 6
1 2 10
1 3 100
1 4 90
2 3 20
2 4 80
3 4 40
2 1
1 2 1
3 0
3 1
1 2 1
3 3
1 2 2
2 3 5
1 3 6
5 10
1 2 110
1 3 120
1 4 130
1 5 120
2 3 110
2 4 120
2 5 130
3 4 120
3 5 110
4 5 120
5 10
1 2 9384
1 3 887
1 4 2778
1 5 6916
2 3 7794
2 4 8336
2 5 5387
3 4 493
3 5 6650
4 5 1422
5 8
1 2 1
2 3 100
3 4 100
4 5 100
1 5 50
2 5 50
3 5 50
4 1 150
0 0

Sample Output

1
20
0
-1
-1
1
0
1686
50
题意：
　　给出一个n个结点的无向图，找一棵最小生成树苗条度（最大边减去最小边）最小的生成树。图中不含重边和自环。
题解：
　　
　　首先对边的权值大小排序，从小到大开始枚举最小生成树。

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=105,INF=1e9;
int n,m;
int par[maxn];
struct edge
{
    int u,v,cost;
}es[maxn*maxn];
bool cmp(const edge& a,const edge& b)
{
    return a.cost<b.cost;
}
int find(int x)
{
    return x==par[x]?x:par[x]=find(par[x]);
}
void init()
{
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        par[i]=i;
}
void unite(int x,int y)
{
    x=find(x);
    y=find(y);
    if(x!=y)
        par[x]=y;
}
bool same(int x,int y)
{
    return find(x)==find(y);
}
int kruskal(int a)
{
    int cnt=0,Max;
    init();
    for(int i=a;i<m;i++)
    {
        edge e=es[i];
        if(!same(e.u,e.v))
        {
            cnt++;
            unite(e.u,e.v);
            if(cnt==n-1)
                Max=e.cost;
        }
    }
    if(cnt==n-1)
        return Max-es[a].cost;
    return INF;
}
int main()
{
    while(cin>>n>>m,n||m)
    {
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
            scanf("%d%d%d",&es[i].u,&es[i].v,&es[i].cost);
        if(m<n-1)
        {
            cout<<"-1"<<endl;
            continue;
        }
        sort(es,es+m,cmp);
        int ans=INF;
        for(int i=0;i<=m-n+1;i++)
            ans=min(ans,kruskal(i));
        if(ans==INF)
            cout<<"-1"<<endl;
        else
            cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}