drbd+nfs+heartbeat高可用
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DRBD是一种基于软件的、基于网络的块复制存储解决方案
DRBD在IP网络传输，所有在集中使用DRBD作为共享存储设备，不需要任何硬件投资，可以节约很多成本
NFS1
IP1:10.10.10.166 心跳和数据传输网卡 不配置网关，添加路由即可
添加路由：route add -host IP dev eth0并且写在rc.local内
VIP:10.10.10.150
DRBD至少使用两个分区需要单独分出来
NFS2
IP1:10.10.10.167
VIP:10.10.10.50
配置主机名、IP、hosts文件、关闭selinux、iptables
安装drbd源
CentOS 7
yum install glibc* -y
# rpm --import http://elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
CentOS 6
rpm -Uvh elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
或者
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
配置阿里云源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum makecache
配置DRBD
两台主机分别磁盘分区
parted -s /dev/sdb mklabel gpt #分区表转换为GPT
parted -s /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0% 80%
parted -s /dev/sdb mkpart primary 81% 100%
打印分区结果
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 1049kB 17.2GB 17.2GB primary
2 17.4GB 21.5GB 4079MB primary
安装DRBD
分出两个区，一个数据同步使用sdb1，一个记录日志sdb2
fdisk /dev/ddb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
artition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 回车
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1305-2610, default 2610):+10G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
在执行执行一次分出sdb2 w保存分区
升级内核yum install kernel kernel-devel kernel-headers -y
yum install kmod-drbd83 drbd83 -y
加载DRBD到内核
modprobe drbd
加载不成功执行depmod然后重启
echo "modprobe drbd > /dev/null 2>&1" > /etc/sysconfig/modules/drbd.modules
检查是否安装成功
lsmod | grep -i drbd
查看drbd.ko安装路径
modprobe -l | grep -i drbd
安装成功之后drbd相关工具(drbdadm,drbdsetup)被安装在/sbin/目录下
配置drbd
vim /etc/drbd.confi
#include "drbd.d/global_common.conf";
#include "drbd.d/*.res";
global {
usage-count no;
}
common {
syncer { rate 200M; }
}
resource nfsha {
protocol C;
startup {
wfc-timeout 120;
degr-wfc-timeout 120;
}
net {
cram-hmac-alg "sha1";
shared-secret "nfs-ha";
}
disk {
on-io-error detach;
fencing resource-only;
}
device /dev/drbd0;
on nfs1 {
disk /dev/sdb1;
address 10.10.10.166:7788;
meta-disk internal;
}
on nfs2 {
disk /dev/sdb1;
address 10.10.10.167:7788;
meta-disk internal;
}
}
解释：
global {
usage-count no; #允不允许官方统计
}
common {
syncer {rate 200M; } //设置主备节点同步时速率的最大值单位是字节
}
resource r0 { //资源名称
protocol C; //使用的协议
handlers {
# These are EXAMPLE handlers only.
# They may have severe implications,
# like hard resetting the node under certain circumstances.
# Be careful when chosing your poison.
pri-on-incon-degr "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-on-incon-degr.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
pri-lost-after-sb "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-lost-after-sb.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
local-io-error "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-io-error.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-shutdown.sh; echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
# fence-peer "/usr/lib/drbd/crm-fence-peer.sh";
split-brain "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh root";
out-of-sync "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh root";
# before-resync-target "/usr/lib/drbd/snapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh -p 15 -- -c 16k";
# after-resync-target /usr/lib/drbd/unsnapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh;
}
startup {
wfc-timeout 120;
degr-wfc-timeout 120;
}
net {
cram-hmac-alg "sha1"; //DRBD同步时使用的验证方式和密码信息
shared-secret "nfsha";
}
disk { //使用dpod功能保证在数据不同步时不进行切换
on-io-error detach;
fencing resource-only;
}
device /dev/drbd0;
on master-drbd { //每个主机的说明以on开头后面是hostname(与uname -n一样)
disk /dev/sdb1; // drbd0使用的磁盘分区是/dev/sdb1
address 192.168.100.10:7788; //
meta-disk internal; //DRBD的源数据存方式
}
on slave-drbd {
disk /dev/sdb1;
address 192.168.100.20:7788;
meta-disk internal;
}
}
复制配置信息到另一台主机
启动DRBD(同时)
首先创建供DRBD记录信息的数据块
两台主机分别执行drbdadm create-md nfsha或者drbdadm create-md all
启动DRBD service drbd start
查看节点状态
cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)
GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by [email protected], 2014-11-24 14:51:37
0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondary ds:Inconsistent/Inconsistent C r-----
ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:5242684
ro表示角色信息，第一次启动时都为Secondary(备)状态
ds表示磁盘信息，Inconsistent表示磁盘数据不一致状态
ns表示网络发送的数据包信息
dw表示磁盘写信息
dr表示磁盘读信息
设置主用节点
drbdsetup /dev/drbd0 primary -o
drbdadm primary r0或者 drbdadm primary all
设置从 drbdadm secondary nfsha
启动之后再次查看状态
version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)
GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by [email protected], 2014-11-24 14:51:37
0: cs:SyncSource ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/Inconsistent C r-----
ns:4812800 nr:0 dw:0 dr:4813472 al:0 bm:293 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:429884
[=================>..] sync‘ed: 91.9% (416/5116)M
finish: 0:00:10 speed: 40,304 (38,812) K/sec
sync‘ed：同步进度
等待一段时间再次查看(同步时间可能很长)
version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)
GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by [email protected], 2014-11-24 14:51:37
0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:5242684 nr:0 dw:0 dr:5243356 al:0 bm:320 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
ds状态变为UpToDate/UpToDate说明成功了
挂载DRBD设备
mount只能用在主设备上，因此只要主设备才能格式化挂载。
要在备设备上挂载，必须先卸载主，在升级备为主，然后再挂载
主设备进行格式化
mkfs.ext4 /dev/drbd0
tune2fs -c -1 /dev/drbd0
挂载
mkdir /data
mount /dev/drbd0 /data
关闭DRBD开机自启动
测试
dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/test.file bs=100M count=2
查看备用节点是否同步
主操作
umount /data
drbdadm secondary all
备用节点升级为主
drbdadm primary nfsha
mount /dev/drbd0 /data
挂载查看是否含有test.file
安装Heartbeat
配置vip
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0
DEVICE=eth0:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=10.10.10.50
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
yum install pam-devel -y
yum install python-devel -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install glib* -y
yum install libxslt* -y
yum install tkinter* -y
yum install elfutils* -y
yum install lm_sensors* -y
yum install perl-Compress* perl-libwww* perl-html* perl-XML* perl-Net* perl-IO* perl-Digest* -y
yum install bzip2* -y
yum install ncurses* -y
yum install imake* -y
yum install autoconf* -y
yum install flex -y
yum install beecrypt* -y
yum install net-snmp* -y
yum install perl-LDAP-0.40-1.el6.noarch.rpm -y
yum install perl-Parse-* perl-Mail-DKIM* -y
yum install libnet* -y
yum install openssl openssl-devel -y
tar xf libnet-1.1.2.1.tar.gz
cd libnet
./configure
make &&make install
cd ..
tar xf heartbeat-2.0.7.tar.gz
cd heartbeat-2.0.7
./ConfigureMe configure --enable-fatal-warnings=no --disable-swig --disable-snmp-subagent
./ConfigureMe make --enable-fatal-warnings=no || gmake
make install
cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.0.7/
cp ha.cf haresources authkeys /etc/ha.d/
cd /etc/ha.d/
设置heartbeat配置文件
(nfs1)
编辑ha.cf，添加下面配置：
# vi /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
logfile /var/log/ha-log
logfacility local0
keepalive 2
deadtime 5
ucast eth0 10.10.10.167 # 指定对方网卡及IP
auto_failback off
node nfs1 nfs2
(nfs2)
编辑ha.cf，添加下面配置：
# vi /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
logfile /var/log/ha-log
logfacility local0
keepalive 2
deadtime 5
ucast eth0 10.10.10.166
auto_failback off
node nfs1 nfs2
编辑双机互联验证文件authkeys，添加以下内容：(node1,node2)
# vi /etc/ha.d/authkeys
auth 1
1 crc
给验证文件600权限
# chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
编辑集群资源文件：(nfs1，nfs2)
# vi /etc/ha.d/haresources
nfs1 IPaddr::10.10.10.50/24/eth0 drbddisk::nfsha Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 killnfsd
这里ip为虚ip 注意网卡（eth0）资源名（nfsha）和挂载点（data）
注：该文件内IPaddr,Filesystem等脚本存放路径在/etc/ha.d/resource.d/下，也可在该目录下存放服务启动脚本（例如：mysql,www），将相同脚本名称添加到/etc/ha.d/haresources内容中，从而跟随heartbeat启动而启动该脚本。
IPaddr::10.10.10.0/24/eth0：用IPaddr脚本配置对外服务的浮动虚拟IP
drbddisk::nfsha：用drbddisk脚本实现DRBD主从节点资源组的挂载和卸载
Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4：用Filesystem脚本实现磁盘挂载和卸载
编辑脚本文件killnfsd,用来重启NFS服务：(node1,node2)
# vi /etc/ha.d/resource.d/killnfsd
killall -9 nfsd; /etc/init.d/nfs restart;exit 0
赋予755执行权限：
chmod 755 /etc/ha.d/resource.d/killnfsd
创建DRBD脚本文件drbddisk:(nfs1，nfs2)
编辑drbddisk，添加下面的脚本内容
# vi /etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk
#!/bin/bash
#
# This script is inteded to be used as resource script by heartbeat
#
# Copright 2003-2008 LINBIT Information Technologies
# Philipp Reisner, Lars Ellenberg
#
###
DEFAULTFILE="/etc/default/drbd"
DRBDADM="/sbin/drbdadm"
if [ -f $DEFAULTFILE ]; then
. $DEFAULTFILE
fi
if [ "$#" -eq 2 ]; then
RES="$1"
CMD="$2"
else
RES="all"
CMD="$1"
fi
## EXIT CODES
# since this is a "legacy heartbeat R1 resource agent" script,
# exit codes actually do not matter that much as long as we conform to
# http://wiki.linux-ha.org/HeartbeatResourceAgent
# but it does not hurt to conform to lsb init-script exit codes,
# where we can.
# http://refspecs.linux-foundation.org/LSB_3.1.0/
#LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptact.html
####
drbd_set_role_from_proc_drbd()
{
local out
if ! test -e /proc/drbd; then
ROLE="Unconfigured"
return
fi
dev=$( $DRBDADM sh-dev $RES )
minor=${dev#/dev/drbd}
if [[ $minor = *[!0-9]* ]] ; then
# sh-minor is only supported since drbd 8.3.1
minor=$( $DRBDADM sh-minor $RES )
fi
if [[ -z $minor ]] || [[ $minor = *[!0-9]* ]] ; then
ROLE=Unknown
return
fi
if out=$(sed -ne "/^ *$minor: cs:/ { s/:/ /g; p; q; }" /proc/drbd); then
set -- $out
ROLE=${5%/**}
: ${ROLE:=Unconfigured} # if it does not show up
else
ROLE=Unknown
fi
}
case "$CMD" in
start)
# try several times, in case heartbeat deadtime
# was smaller than drbd ping time
try=6
while true; do
$DRBDADM primary $RES && break
let "--try" || exit 1 # LSB generic error
sleep 1
done
;;
stop)
# heartbeat (haresources mode) will retry failed stop
# for a number of times in addition to this internal retry.
try=3
while true; do
$DRBDADM secondary $RES && break
# We used to lie here, and pretend success for anything != 11,
# to avoid the reboot on failed stop recovery for "simple
# config errors" and such. But that is incorrect.
# Don‘t lie to your cluster manager.
# And don‘t do config errors...
let --try || exit 1 # LSB generic error
sleep 1
done
;;
status)
if [ "$RES" = "all" ]; then
echo "A resource name is required for status inquiries."
exit 10
fi
ST=$( $DRBDADM role $RES )
ROLE=${ST%/**}
case $ROLE in
Primary|Secondary|Unconfigured)
# expected
;;
*)
# unexpected. whatever...
# If we are unsure about the state of a resource, we need to
# report it as possibly running, so heartbeat can, after failed
# stop, do a recovery by reboot.
# drbdsetup may fail for obscure reasons, e.g. if /var/lock/ is
# suddenly readonly. So we retry by parsing /proc/drbd.
drbd_set_role_from_proc_drbd
esac
case $ROLE in
Primary)
echo "running (Primary)"
exit 0 # LSB status "service is OK"
;;
Secondary|Unconfigured)
echo "stopped ($ROLE)"
exit 3 # LSB status "service is not running"
;;
*)
# NOTE the "running" in below message.
# this is a "heartbeat" resource script,
# the exit code is _ignored_.
echo "cannot determine status, may be running ($ROLE)"
exit 4 # LSB status "service status is unknown"
;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: drbddisk [resource] {start|stop|status}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
赋予755执行权限：
chmod 755 /etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk
启动HeartBeat服务
在两个节点上启动HeartBeat服务，先启动node1：(node1,node2)
service heartbeat start
现在从其他机器能够ping通虚IP 192.168.0.190，表示配置成功
配置NFS:(nfs1,nfs2)
安装nfs yum install nfs-utils rpcbind
编辑exports配置文件，添加以下配置：
# vi /etc/exports
/data *(rw,no_root_squash)
重启NFS服务：
service rpcbind restart
service nfs restart
chkconfig rpcbind on
chkconfig nfs off
注：这里设置NFS开机不要自动运行，因为/etc/ha.d/resource.d/killnfsd 该脚本会控制NFS的启动。
五、测试高可用
1、正常热备切换
在客户端挂载NFS共享目录
# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.190:/store /tmp
模拟将主节点node1 的heartbeat服务停止，则备节点node2会立即无缝接管；测试客户端挂载的NFS共享读写正常。
此时备机node2上的DRBD状态：
# service drbd status
drbd driver loaded OK; device status:
version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by [email protected], 2015-05-12 21:05:41
m:res cs ro ds p mounted fstype
0:r0 Connected Primary/Secondary UpToDate/UpToDate C /store ext4
异常宕机切换
强制关机，直接关闭node1电源
node2节点也会立即无缝接管，测试客户端挂载的NFS共享读写正常。
此时node2上的DRBD状态：
# service drbd status
drbd driver loaded OK; device status:
version: 8.4.3 (api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 89a294209144b68adb3ee85a73221f964d3ee515 build by [email protected], 2015-05-12 21:05:41
m:res cs ro ds p mounted fstype
0:r0 Connected Primary/Unknown UpToDate/DUnknown C /store ext4
nfs heartbeat、drbd不要设置成开机自启动
主宕机后先启动drbd 然后再起的heartbeat
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