VBA学习笔记之工作簿
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Workbook工作簿的常用功能:
1. 新建工作簿
- Dim wb As Workbook
- Application.SheetsInNewWorkbook = 1 ‘设置初始工作簿中的工作表数
- Set wb = Application.WorkBooks.Add
- wb.Worksheets(1).name = "表1" ‘给第一个工作表设置名称
- Application.SheetsInNewWorkbook = 3
2.用Excel对话框打开Excel文件
- Dim fileInfo As String
- fileInfo = Application.GetOpenFilename("Excel 工作簿(*.xlsx), *.xlsx")
- MsgBox fileInfo
如果用户选择了一个Excel文件,则fileInfo为该文件的全路径。若未选择,则fileInfo为False
3. 备份(另存为)Excel文件
- Dim wb As Workbook
- Set wb = Application.WorkBooks(1) ‘原文件名为vba.xlsx
- wb.Activate
- wb.SaveCopyAs wb.path & "\" & "Bak_" & wb.name ‘备份文件名为Bak_vba.xlsx
4. 用Excel对话框保存Excel文件
- Dim fileInfo As String
- fileInfo = Application.GetSaveAsFilename("excelFile", "Excel 工作簿(*.xlsm),*.xlsm")
- If Not fileInfo = "False" Then
- ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs Filename:=fileInfo
- End If
- MsgBox "文件未保存"
- Else
5. 设置工作簿的大小(并非Excel窗口的大小)虽然使用的是Application的属性ActiveWindow,但该属性对应的却是一个Workbook窗口
- Dim win As Window
- Dim winState As Long
- Dim winWidth As Double
- Dim winHeight As Double
- Set win = Application.ActiveWindow
- win.Activate
- With win
- .WindowState = xlMinimized ‘最小化工作簿,但是Excel程序窗口没有最小化
- End With
- With win
- winState = .WindowState
- winWidth = .Width
- winHeight = .Height
- End With
- Debug.Print "WinState: " & winState
- Debug.Print "WinWidth: " & winWidth
- Debug.Print "WinHeight: " & winHeight
6. 冻结窗格。和上述一样依然使用Application.ActiveWindow来操作工作簿
- Dim win As Window
- Set win = Application.ActiveWindow
- With win
- .Split = True
- .SplitColumn = 1 ‘若设置为0,表示不冻结列
- .SplitRow = 3
- .FreezePanes = True ‘如果不设置FreezePanes将会在工作表中出现粗分割线
- End With
7. 修改工作簿文件名
- Dim fileName As String
- fileName = "C:\book.xlsx" ‘文件不存在会报错
- Name fileName As "C:\book1.xlsx" ‘工作簿应处于关闭状态,而且路径应当一致
- Debug.Print "Renamed OK!"
Workbook主要事件:
Workbook事件比起之前的Application事件写起来方便些。我们直接使用ThisWorkbook对象的事件(也是一个Workbook对象)
如下图,双击ThisWorkbook,在右侧的代码区上方直接选择需要实现的事件,然后在自动生成的事件函数中编写代码
1.BeforeClose事件
- Private Sub Workbook_BeforeClose(Cancel As Boolean)
- MsgBox "关不掉了"
- Cancel = True
- End Sub
该事件在关闭工作簿前触发
2.BeforeSave事件
- Private Sub Workbook_BeforeSave(ByVal SaveAsUI As Boolean, Cancel As Boolean)
- If Not SaveAsUI Then
- MsgBox "保存不了了"
- Cancel = True
- End If
- End Sub
在单击保存按钮或者Ctrl+S时触发
3.WindowActive事件
- Private Sub Workbook_WindowActivate(ByVal Wn As Window)
- MsgBox "激活工作簿"
- Wn.width = 100
- End Sub
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