oracle的归档日志如何分天存放

Posted 2023-05-16

归档路径默认在flash_recovery_area下的，
归档日志默认就会以日期为名称文件夹的形式存放
show parameter db_recovery_file_dest
##################################
如题，就是比如归档日志在
$ORACLE_HOME/flash_recovery_area/test/archivelog/下，
然后存放以
$ORACLE_HOME/flash_recovery_area/test/archivelog/2010_07_08
$ORACLE_HOME/flash_recovery_area/test/archivelog/2010_07_09
$ORACLE_HOME/flash_recovery_area/test/archivelog/2010_07_10
……
一天一个文件夹的形式存放？
###############################################
但我修改归档日志的默认存储位置后，归档日志就不按天生成文件夹了。
如何设置，让修改归档日志存放位置后，还可以自动按天存放归档日志，

中文打字太慢，所以就用英文回答。

The answer by the first respondent is totally wrong. ARCHIVELOG/NONARCHIVELOG has nothing to do with what you ask for. ARCHIVELOG/NONARCHIVELOG is about the recoverbility of the database, but what you want is "Auditing" in Oracle, which is about monitoring users' activities in database.

The auditing mechanism for Oracle is extremely flexible, so I'll only talk about performing full auditing on a single user.

1. Database server setup

To allow auditing on the server you must:

Set "audit_trail = true" in the init.ora file.
Run the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/cataudit.sql script while connected as SYS.

2. Audit Options

Assuming that the "AAA" user is to be audited:

CONNECT sys/password AS SYSDBA

AUDIT ALL BY AAA BY ACCESS;
AUDIT SELECT TABLE, UPDATE TABLE, INSERT TABLE, DELETE TABLE BY AAA BY ACCESS;
AUDIT EXECUTE PROCEDURE BY AAA BY ACCESS;

These options audit all DDL and DML issued by "AAA", along with some system events.

DDL (CREATE, ALTER & DROP of objects)
DML (INSERT UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, EXECUTE).
SYSTEM EVENTS (LOGON, LOGOFF etc.)

3. View Audit Trail

The audit trail is stored in the SYS.AUD$ table. It's contents can be viewed directly or via the following views:

DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS
DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS

The audit trail contains a lot of data, but the following are most likely to be of interest:

Username: Oracle Username.
Terminal: Machine that the user performed the action from.
Timestamp: When the action occured.
Object Owner: The owner of the object that was interacted with.
Object Name: The name of the object that was interacted with.
Action Name: The action that occured against the object. (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, EXECUTE)

4. Maintenance

The audit trail must be deleted/archived on a regular basis to prevent the SYS.AUD$ table growing to an unnacceptable size.

5. Security

Only DBAs should have maintenance access to the audit trail. Auditing modifications of the data in the audit trail itself can be achieved as follows:

AUDIT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON sys.aud$ BY ACCESS;
另外,团IDC网上有许多产品团购,便宜有口碑追问

此人是废话，答非所问

参考技术A 中文打字太慢，所以就用英文回答。

The answer by the first respondent is totally wrong. ARCHIVELOG/NONARCHIVELOG has nothing to do with what you ask for. ARCHIVELOG/NONARCHIVELOG is about the recoverbility of the database, but what you want is "Auditing" in Oracle, which is about monitoring users' activities in database.

The auditing mechanism for Oracle is extremely flexible, so I'll only talk about performing full auditing on a single user.

1. Database server setup

To allow auditing on the server you must:

Set "audit_trail = true" in the init.ora file.
Run the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/cataudit.sql script while connected as SYS.

2. Audit Options

Assuming that the "AAA" user is to be audited:

CONNECT sys/password AS SYSDBA

AUDIT ALL BY AAA BY ACCESS;
AUDIT SELECT TABLE, UPDATE TABLE, INSERT TABLE, DELETE TABLE BY AAA BY ACCESS;
AUDIT EXECUTE PROCEDURE BY AAA BY ACCESS;

These options audit all DDL and DML issued by "AAA", along with some system events.

DDL (CREATE, ALTER & DROP of objects)
DML (INSERT UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, EXECUTE).
SYSTEM EVENTS (LOGON, LOGOFF etc.)

3. View Audit Trail

The audit trail is stored in the SYS.AUD$ table. It's contents can be viewed directly or via the following views:

DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS
DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS

The audit trail contains a lot of data, but the following are most likely to be of interest:

Username: Oracle Username.
Terminal: Machine that the user performed the action from.
Timestamp: When the action occured.
Object Owner: The owner of the object that was interacted with.
Object Name: The name of the object that was interacted with.
Action Name: The action that occured against the object. (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, EXECUTE)

4. Maintenance

The audit trail must be deleted/archived on a regular basis to prevent the SYS.AUD$ table growing to an unnacceptable size.

5. Security

Only DBAs should have maintenance access to the audit trail. Auditing modifications of the data in the audit trail itself can be achieved as follows:

AUDIT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON sys.aud$ BY ACCESS;
另外,虚机团上产品团购,超级便宜 参考技术B 实在看不下去楼上两位不知所云的东西，你们回答的和别人问的是一回事吗？无聊。
实际上archivlog论天来存放没有什么意义啊？你的目的是什么呢？不行的话就修改db_recovery_file_dest 路径嘛，改到你希望的地方去。追问

安装好oracle归档日志默认是按天保存的，一天自动生成一个文件夹保存当前的日志，
我修改归档日志位置后，就不按天生成日志文件夹了，日志都在一个文件夹中，很奇怪？

我想修改归档日志位置后，还让归档日志按天生成文件夹，

不按天生成日志文件夹也可以用，分天只是看着清晰明了

追答

如果你一定要这么做的话，那只有手工来改咯，写个shell每天晚上0点执行：
#!/bin/ksh
TIME=`date +%Y%m%d`
mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/flash_recovery_area/test/archivelog/$TIME
sqlplus "/as sysdba" <<!
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=$ORACLE_HOME/flash_recovery_area/test/archivelog/';
exit
!
这样你的日志就能分天存放了，不过这样会带来以下问题：
1、如果脚本执行失败可能导致：因为不能切换redolog而产生的数据库问题。
2、你的备份脚本需要重新修改（对备份时间修改，或者对备份target目录修改）
3、你的数据库如果需要恢复，那将会是相当痛苦的事情。特别是很多天的备份都未成功时。

实际上archivelog主要的用途是数据库内部使用，你总不可能每天使用logminer吧？对数据库而言archivelog不论放在哪都是清晰的（经常修改了反而不清晰了），对你来说可能好看了，但是对数据库来说实用性恐怕为零。另外如果要统计每天的日志量，或者日志个数，对dba来说有很多方法，不见得非要每天都生成目录。

当然了，可能是我还学习得不够深入，也许还有其它办法我不知道或者没想到的。

本回答被提问者采纳 参考技术C 归档路径默认在flash_recovery_area下的，
归档日志默认就会以日期为名称文件夹的形式存放
--这个是关键，你只能设置flash_recovery_area的位置，再alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; 参考技术D 我也想知道，今天刚刚改过目录，就不知道了。

如何查看oracle归档日志位置?

（1）常用命令 SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest; SQL> archive log list; SQL> select * from V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE; ARCHIVELOG 96.62 0 141 SQL> select sum(percent_space_used)*3/100 from v$flash_recovery_area_usage; 2.9904 SQL> show parameter recover; db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 2G。

（2）删除日志 cd $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/orcl/archivelog 转移或清除对应的归档日志, 删除一些不用的日期目录的文件，注意保留最后几个文件在删除归档日志后，必须用RMAN维护控制文件，否则空间显示仍然不释放。 

（3）rman target sys/password RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all; RMAN> delete expired archivelog all; 或者 RMAN> delete archivelog until time “sysdate-1″。

（4）再查 SQL> select * from V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE。

（5）修改大小 SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=4G scope=both。

参考技术A 查看初始化参数
show parameter log_archive_dest
看到是哪个目录就是它了
如果没有值，再查
show parameter db_recovery_file_dest