Spring中配置和读取多个Properties文件--转

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public class PropertiesFactoryBeanextends PropertiesLoaderSupportimplements FactoryBean, InitializingBean

Allows for making a properties file from a classpath location available as Properties instance in a bean factory. Can be used to populate any bean property of type Properties via a bean reference.

Supports loading from a properties file and/or setting local properties on this FactoryBean. The created Properties instance will be merged from loaded and local values. If neither a location nor local properties are set, an exception will be thrown on initialization.

Can create a singleton or a new object on each request. Default is a singleton.

 

一个系统中通常会存在如下一些以Properties形式存在的配置文件

1.数据库配置文件demo-db.properties：

  1. database.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/smaple  
  2. database.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  
  3. database.user=root  
  4. database.password=123  

 

2.消息服务配置文件demo-mq.properties:

  1. #congfig of ActiveMQ  
  2. mq.java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory  
  3. mq.java.naming.provider.url=failover:(tcp://localhost:61616?soTimeout=30000&connectionTimeout=30000)?jms.useAsyncSend=true&timeout=30000  
  4. mq.java.naming.security.principal=  
  5. mq.java.naming.security.credentials=  
  6. jms.MailNotifyQueue.consumer=5  

 

3.远程调用的配置文件demo-remote.properties：

  1. remote.ip=localhost  
  2. remote.port=16800  
  3. remote.serviceName=test  

 

一、系统中需要加载多个Properties配置文件

应用场景：Properties配置文件不止一个，需要在系统启动时同时加载多个Properties文件。

配置方式：

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
  3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
  4.     xsi:schemaLocation="  
  5.     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">  
  6.       
  7.     <!-- 将多个配置文件读取到容器中，交给Spring管理 -->  
  8.     <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">  
  9.         <property name="locations">  
  10.            <list>  
  11.               <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式：classpath和file -->  
  12.               <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>  
  13.               <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入，这样可以将配置和代码分离 -->  
  14.               <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>  
  15.               <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>  
  16.             </list>  
  17.         </property>  
  18.     </bean>  
  19.       
  20.     <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 -->  
  21.     <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate">  
  22.         <property name="environment">  
  23.             <props>  
  24.                 <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>  
  25.                 <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>  
  26.                 <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>  
  27.                 <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>  
  28.                 <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>  
  29.                 <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>  
  30.             </props>  
  31.         </property>  
  32.     </bean>  
  33. </beans>  

 我们也可以将配置中的List抽取出来:

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
  3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
  4.     xsi:schemaLocation="  
  5.     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">  
  6.       
  7.     <!-- 将多个配置文件位置放到列表中 -->  
  8.     <bean id="propertyResources" class="java.util.ArrayList">  
  9.         <constructor-arg>  
  10.             <list>  
  11.               <!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式：classpath和file -->  
  12.               <value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>  
  13.               <!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入，这样可以将配置和代码分离 -->  
  14.               <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>  
  15.               <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>  
  16.             </list>  
  17.         </constructor-arg>  
  18.     </bean>  
  19.       
  20.     <!-- 将配置文件读取到容器中，交给Spring管理 -->  
  21.     <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">  
  22.         <property name="locations" ref="propertyResources" />  
  23.     </bean>  
  24.       
  25.     <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 -->  
  26.     <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate">  
  27.         <property name="environment">  
  28.             <props>  
  29.                 <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>  
  30.                 <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>  
  31.                 <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>  
  32.                 <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>  
  33.                 <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>  
  34.                 <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>  
  35.             </props>  
  36.         </property>  
  37.     </bean>  
  38. </beans>  

 

二、整合多工程下的多个分散的Properties

应用场景：工程组中有多个配置文件，但是这些配置文件在多个地方使用，所以需要分别加载。

配置如下：

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
  3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
  4.     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
  5.     xsi:schemaLocation="  
  6.     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">  
  7.       
  8.     <!-- 将DB属性配置文件位置放到列表中 -->  
  9.     <bean id="dbResources" class="java.util.ArrayList">  
  10.         <constructor-arg>  
  11.         <list>  
  12.             <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>  
  13.         </list>  
  14.         </constructor-arg>  
  15.     </bean>  
  16.   
  17.     <!-- 将MQ属性配置文件位置放到列表中 -->  
  18.     <bean id="mqResources" class="java.util.ArrayList">  
  19.         <constructor-arg>  
  20.         <list>  
  21.             <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>  
  22.         </list>  
  23.         </constructor-arg>  
  24.     </bean>  
  25.       
  26.     <!-- 用Spring加载和管理DB属性配置文件 -->  
  27.     <bean id="dbPropertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">  
  28.         <property name="order" value="1" />  
  29.         <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />   
  30.         <property name="locations" ref="dbResources" />  
  31.     </bean>  
  32.       
  33.     <!-- 用Spring加载和管理MQ属性配置文件 -->  
  34.     <bean id="mqPropertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">  
  35.         <property name="order" value="2" />  
  36.         <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />   
  37.         <property name="locations" ref="mqResources" />  
  38.     </bean>  
  39.       
  40.     <!-- 使用DB中的配置属性 -->  
  41.     <bean id="rmsDataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"   
  42.         p:driverClassName="${demo.db.driver}" p:url="${demo.db.url}" p:username="${demo.db.username}"   
  43.         p:password="${demo.db.password}" pp:maxActive="${demo.db.maxactive}"p:maxWait="${demo.db.maxwait}"   
  44.         p:poolPreparedStatements="true" p:defaultAutoCommit="false">  
  45.     </bean>  
  46.       
  47.     <!-- 使用MQ中的配置 -->  
  48.     <bean id="MQJndiTemplate" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate">  
  49.         <property name="environment">  
  50.             <props>  
  51.                 <prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>  
  52.                 <prop key="java.naming.provider.url">${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>  
  53.                 <prop key="java.naming.security.principal">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>  
  54.                 <prop key="java.naming.security.credentials">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>  
  55.                 <prop key="userName">${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>  
  56.                 <prop key="password">${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>  
  57.             </props>  
  58.         </property>  
  59.     </bean>  
  60. </beans>  

 注意：其中order属性代表其加载顺序，而ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders为是否忽略不可解析的 Placeholder，如配置了多个PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer，则需设置为true。这里一定需要按照这种方式设置 这两个参数。

 

三、Bean中直接注入Properties配置文件中的值

应用场景：Bean中需要直接注入Properties配置文件中的值 。例如下面的代码中需要获取上述demo-remote.properties中的值：

  1. public class Client() {  
  2.     private String ip;  
  3.     private String port;  
  4.     private String service;  
  5. }  

 配置如下：

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  2. <beans xmlns="<a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a>"  
  3.  xmlns:xsi="<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</a>"  
  4.  xmlns:util="<a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util">http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a>"  
  5.  xsi:schemaLocation="  
  6.  <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans">http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a> <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd</a>  
  7.  <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util">http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a> <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd</a>">  
  8.    
  9.  <!-- 这种加载方式可以在代码中通过@Value注解进行注入,   
  10.  可以将配置整体赋给Properties类型的类变量，也可以取出其中的一项赋值给String类型的类变量 -->  
  11.  <!-- <util:properties/> 标签只能加载一个文件，当多个属性文件需要被加载的时候，可以使用多个该标签 -->  
  12.  <util:properties id="remoteSettings" location="file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties" />   
  13.    
  14.  <!-- <util:properties/> 标签的实现类是PropertiesFactoryBean，  
  15.  直接使用该类的bean配置，设置其locations属性可以达到一个和上面一样加载多个配置文件的目的 -->  
  16.  <bean id="settings"   
  17.    class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">  
  18.    <property name="locations">  
  19.   <list>  
  20.     <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-mq.properties</value>  
  21.     <value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-env.properties</value>  
  22.   </list>  
  23.    </property>  
  24.  </bean>  
  25. </beans>  

 Client类中使用Annotation如下：

  1. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;  
  2.   
  3. public class Client() {  
  4.     @Value("#{remoteSettings[‘remote.ip‘]}")  
  5.     private String ip;  
  6.     @Value("#{remoteSettings[‘remote.port‘]}")  
  7.     private String port;  
  8.     @Value("#{remoteSettings[‘remote.serviceName‘]}")  
  9.     private String service;  
  10. }  

 

四、Bean中存在Properties类型的类变量

应用场景：当Bean中存在Properties类型的类变量需要以注入的方式初始化

1. 配置方式：我们可以用（三）中的配置方式，只是代码中注解修改如下

  1. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;  
  2. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
  3.   
  4. public class Client() {  
  5.     @Value("#{remoteSettings}")  
  6.     private Properties remoteSettings;  
  7. }  

 

2. 配置方式：也可以使用xml中声明Bean并且注入

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
  3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
  4.     xsi:schemaLocation="  
  5.     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">  
  6.       
  7.     <!-- 可以使用如下的方式声明Properties类型的FactoryBean来加载配置文件，这种方式就只能当做Properties属性注入，而不能获其中具体的值 -->  
  8.     <bean id="remoteConfigs" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">  
  9.         <property name="locations">  
  10.             <list>  
  11.                 <value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>  
  12.             </list>  
  13.         </property>  
  14.     </bean>  
  15.       
  16.     <!-- 远端调用客户端类 -->  
  17.     <bean id="client" class="com.demo.remote.Client">  
  18.         <property name="properties" ref="remoteConfigs" />  
  19.     </bean>  
  20. </beans>  

代码如下：

  1. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
  2.   
  3. public class Client() {  
  4.     //@Autowired也可以使用  
  5.     private Properties remoteSettings;  
  6.       
  7.     //getter setter  
  8. }  

 

上述的各个场景在项目群中特别有用，需要灵活的使用上述各种配置方式。

 

原文：http://kingxss.iteye.com/blog/1880681

 

补充：

The Spring Framework PropertiesFactoryBeanTests.java source code

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/*
 * Copyright 2002-2006 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

import java.util.Properties;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.core.JdkVersion;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

/**
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 01.11.2003
 */
public class PropertiesFactoryBeanTests extends TestCase {

    public void testWithPropertiesFile() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesXmlFile() throws Exception {
        // ignore for JDK < 1.5
        if (JdkVersion.getMajorJavaVersion() < JdkVersion.JAVA_15) {
            return;
        }

        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test-properties.xml"));
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
    }

    public void testWithLocalProperties() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesFileAndLocalProperties() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        localProps.setProperty("tb.array[0].age", "0");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesFileAndMultipleLocalProperties() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));

        Properties props1 = new Properties();
        props1.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        props1.setProperty("tb.array[0].age", "0");

        Properties props2 = new Properties();
        props2.setProperty("spring", "framework");
        props2.setProperty("Don", "Mattingly");

        Properties props3 = new Properties();
        props3.setProperty("spider", "man");
        props3.setProperty("bat", "man");

        pfb.setPropertiesArray(new Properties[] {props1, props2, props3});
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();

        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
        assertEquals("framework", props.getProperty("spring"));
        assertEquals("Mattingly", props.getProperty("Don"));
        assertEquals("man", props.getProperty("spider"));
        assertEquals("man", props.getProperty("bat"));
    }

    public void testWithPropertiesFileAndLocalPropertiesAndLocalOverride() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        localProps.setProperty("tb.array[0].age", "0");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.setLocalOverride(true);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("0", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
    }

    public void testWithPrototype() throws Exception {
        PropertiesFactoryBean pfb = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        pfb.setSingleton(false);
        pfb.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/test.properties"));
        Properties localProps = new Properties();
        localProps.setProperty("key2", "value2");
        pfb.setProperties(localProps);
        pfb.afterPropertiesSet();
        Properties props = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertEquals("99", props.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", props.getProperty("key2"));
        Properties newProps = (Properties) pfb.getObject();
        assertTrue(props != newProps);
        assertEquals("99", newProps.getProperty("tb.array[0].age"));
        assertEquals("value2", newProps.getProperty("key2"));
    }

}
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