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一. 安装配置
a. 环境准备
服务端:192.168.1.24 oldboy 客户端:192.168.1.147 oldgirl 客户端:192.168.1.119 olddog 官方文档:https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ 赵班长:https://github.com/unixhot/
1、服务端安装:
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
rpm -qa | grep salt
yum install -y salt-master
service salt-master start
chkconfig salt-master on
vim /etc/salt/master
2、客户端安装
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install salt-minion
vim /etc/salt/minion
master: 192.168.1.24
service salt-minion start
chkconfig salt-minion on
3、服务端增加客户端:
salt-key
salt-key -L #两个都是查看
salt-key -A #增加所有
salt-key -a olddog #把olddog、oldgirl加入通信
salt-key -a oldgirl
salt-key -D #删除所有
salt-key -d olddog #删除某个IP
4、salt的常用命令:
salt ‘*‘ test.ping #ping服务器
salt ‘*‘ cmd.run ‘echo Hello world!‘ #输出Hello world
salt ‘*‘ cmd.run ‘df -h‘ #查看磁盘
salt ‘old*‘ cmd.run ‘w‘
salt ‘*‘ pkg.install httpd #远程命令安装httpd
salt ‘*‘ service.stop httpd #命令关闭服务
salt ‘*‘ service.available sshd #查看服务是否开启
4.1匹配minion_id(IP和子网不是匹配minion_id)
salt -L ‘olddog,oldgirl‘ test.ping #列表方式匹配
salt -E ‘old(dog|girl)‘ test.ping #正则方式匹配
salt ‘old*‘ cmd.run ‘w‘ #以通配符匹配
salt -S 172.16.77.100 test.ping #以IP地址匹配
salt -S 172.16.77.0/24 test.ping #以子网方式匹配
5、模块:
5.1 service模块
service.running #确保服务处于运行状态,如果没有运行就启动
service.enabled #确保服务开机自动启动
service.disabled #确保服务开机不自动启动
service.dead #确保服务当前没有运行,如果运行就停止
service.available #查看服务是否开启
salt ‘oldboy‘ service.available sshd #查看sshd服务是否开启
salt ‘oldboy‘ service.get_all #显示所有启动的服务
5.2 state模块
salt ‘*‘ state.show_top #查看top.sls指定的模块
5.3 return模块
#minion:
yum -y install mysql-python mysq
vim /etc/salt/minion
mysql.host: ‘192.168.8.130‘
mysql.user: ‘salt‘
mysql.pass: ‘salt‘
mysql.db: ‘salt‘
mysql.port: 3306
/etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
#master:
yum -y install mysql-server MySQL-python
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
vim /etc/salt/master
master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: ‘192.168.8.130‘
mysql.user: ‘salt‘
mysql.pass: ‘salt‘
mysql.db: ‘salt‘
mysql.port: 3306
/etc/init.d/salt-master restart
/etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
mysql #连接Mysql创建数据库和表
CREATE DATABASE `salt`
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
USE `salt`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
CREATE TABLE `jids` (
`jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE INDEX jid ON jids(jid) USING BTREE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
`fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
KEY `id` (`id`),
KEY `jid` (`jid`),
KEY `fun` (`fun`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
`id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `tag` (`tag`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
grant all on salt.* to [email protected]‘%‘identified by ‘salt‘; #确定客户机能连上mysql
flush privileges;
salt ‘*‘ test.ping --return mysql #将过程结果返回mysql
mysql
use salt
select * from salt_returns; #查看
5.4、pkg模块:
pkg.installed #确保软件安装,如果没有安装就安装。
pkg.latest #确保软件包是最新版本,如果不是,进行升级
pkg.remove #确保软件包已卸载,如果之前已安装,进行卸载
pkg.purge #除remove外,也会删除其配置文件
5.5 file模块:
file.managed #保证文件存在并且为对应的状态
file.recure #保证目录存在并且为对应状态
file.absent #确保文件不存在,如果存在就删除
5.6 resquisites模块:
require #我依赖某个状态
recure_in #我被某个状态依赖
watch #我关注某个状态
watch_in #我被某个状态关注
6、数据系统Grains:
salt ‘*‘ grains.ls #列出所有查询的目标
salt ‘*‘ grains.items #查看所有item和值
salt ‘*‘ grains.get ip4_interfaces:eth0 #查看eth0的Ip
salt ‘*‘ grains.get saltversion #查看salt的版本
salt ‘*‘ grains.get os #查看操作系统
Example(1):
客户机oldgirl上执行:
vim /etc/salt/grains
cloud: openstack
/etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
服务器上执行:
salt ‘oldgirl‘ grains.get cloud
salt -G cloud:openstack cmd.run ‘uptime‘ #执行有cloud:openstack的服务器
salt -G os:CentOS cmd.run ‘uptime‘ #执行所有系统是CentOS的服务器
7、pillar的介绍:
vim /etc/salt/master
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar #定义目录
state_top: top.sls #定义top
mkdir -p /srv/pillar
cd /srv/pillar
vim packages.sls
{% if grains[‘os‘] == ‘CentOS‘ %}
apache: httpd
git: git
{% elif grains[‘os‘] == ‘Debian‘ %}
apache: apache2
git: git-core
{% endif %}
vim top.sls
base:
‘*‘:
- packages
salt ‘*‘ saltutil.refresh_pillar #刷新所有客户端的缓存
salt ‘*‘ pillar.get git #查看上面定义的git
salt ‘*‘ pillar.get apache #查看上面定义的apache
7、自定义组配置文件
cd /etc/salt/
mkdir master.d && cd master.d/
vim nodegroups.conf
nodegroups:
web-cluster: ‘old*‘ #定义组,组里面增加主机,可以写多个组
salt -N web-cluster test.ping #根据定义的组执行命令
salt -N web-cluster -b 20% service.start httpd #每次重启20%的主机,直到重启完
8、上传文件:
vim /etc/salt/master
# file_roots:
# base:
# - /srv/salt/ #上传文件的目录
#state_top: top.sls #定义top
cd /srv/salt/ && mv /etc/hosts .
salt ‘*‘ cp.get_file salt://hosts /mnt/hosts #把hosts文件上传到其它服务器上
salt-cp ‘*‘ /tmp/hosts /tmp/ #上传其它目录下的文件用salt-cp
10、YAML用法:
mkdir /scripts && cd /scripts
vim test.yaml
- penyao
- oldboy
vim parse_yaml.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import yaml
import sys
fd = open(sys.argv[1])
print yaml.load(fd)
#ls
parse_yaml.py test.yaml
#chmod +x parse_yaml.py
# ./parse_yaml.py test.yaml
[‘penyao‘, ‘oldboy‘]
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