星期二—GUI的初步了解
Posted 王。雄
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1、GUI：GUI（Graphical User Interface）即图形用户界面，它能够使应用程序看上去更加友好；
2、AWT（Abstract Windows Toolkit）是Java语言中最原始的GUI工具包，相关API位于java.awt包中。AWT是一个非常有限的GUI工具包，比如树、表格等都不支持。
3、在Swing编程中，有一些经常要使用到的组件，其中包括：JFrame（窗体，框架） JPanel（面板，容器） JButton（按钮） JLabel（标签） JTextField（文本框） JTextArea（文本域）
用GUI练习计算器：
package com.chinasoft.gui.PM;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement;
import java.awt.Font;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import java.awt.Color;
public class Gui extends JFrame { //建立一个框体
private JPanel contentPane;
private JTextField textField;
private JButton[] allButtons;
private JButton clearButton;
/**
* Launch the application.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String b = "123456"; //设置一个登录界面，密码为123456
String a = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("请输出您的密码：");
if(a.equals(b)){
// JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "alert", "alert", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
Gui frame = new Gui();
frame.setVisible(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}else
{JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "密码输入错误", "alert", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);}
}
/**
* Create the frame.
*/
public Gui() {
setBackground(Color.BLUE);
Suanfa f = new Suanfa();
f.suanfa1();
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setTitle("计算器");
setBounds(100, 100, 350, 500);
contentPane = new JPanel();
contentPane.setBackground(Color.red);
contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
setContentPane(contentPane);
JButton btnNewButton_3 = new JButton("=");
btnNewButton_3.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnNewButton_3.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 30)); //基本上所有的运算过程都在“=”中实现
btnNewButton_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String str = textField.getText();
byte []b1 = new byte[str.length()];
b1 = str.getBytes();
int endIndex = str.length();
for(int i =0;i <str.length();i++ ){ //用for循环来遍历数组长度中的特殊符号
if(b1[i] == \'+\'){ //用if条件来判断符号，同下面的“-”，“/”，“*”
//获取第一个数字
int index11 = str.indexOf("+");
String str1 = str.substring(0, index11);
int a = Integer.parseInt(str1);
//获取第二个数字
String str2 = str.substring(index11+1, endIndex);
int b = Integer.parseInt(str2);
//加法计算
int sum = a + b;
//输出结果
textField.setText(Integer.toString(sum));
}else
if(b1[i] == \'-\'){
int index33 = str.indexOf("-");
String str3 = str.substring(0, index33);
int c = Integer.parseInt(str3);
String str4 = str.substring(index33+1, endIndex);
int d = Integer.parseInt(str4);
int div = c - d;
textField.setText(Integer.toString(div));
}else
if(b1[i] == \'*\'){
int index44 = str.indexOf("*");
String str11 = str.substring(0, index44);
int c1 = Integer.parseInt(str11);
String str12 = str.substring(index44+1, endIndex);
int d1 = Integer.parseInt(str12);
int cheng = c1 * d1;
textField.setText(Integer.toString(cheng));
}else
if(b1[i] == \'/\'){
int index5 = str.indexOf("/");
String str13 = str.substring(0, index5);
int c2 = Integer.parseInt(str13);
String str14 = str.substring(index5+1, endIndex);
int d2 = Integer.parseInt(str14);
int chu = c2 / d2;
textField.setText(Integer.toString(chu));
}
}
}
});
JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("0"); //把btnNewButton按钮在文本框中输出 同下其他按钮
btnNewButton.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "0");
}
});
JButton btnNewButton_1 = new JButton("+");
btnNewButton_1.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnNewButton_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 30));
btnNewButton_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "+");
}
});
JButton button = new JButton(".");
button.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + ".");
}
});
button.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_1 = new JButton("-");
button_1.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "-");
}
});
button_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_2 = new JButton("3");
button_2.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "3");
}
});
button_2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_3 = new JButton("2");
button_3.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "2");
}
});
button_3.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_4 = new JButton("1");
button_4.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_4.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "1");
}
});
button_4.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_5 = new JButton("4");
button_5.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_5.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "4");
}
});
button_5.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_6 = new JButton("5");
button_6.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_6.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "5");
}
});
button_6.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_7 = new JButton("6");
button_7.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_7.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "6");
}
});
button_7.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_8 = new JButton("*");
button_8.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_8.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "*");
}
});
button_8.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_9 = new JButton("1/x");
button_9.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_9.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
}
});
button_9.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 7));
JButton button_10 = new JButton("7");
button_10.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_10.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "7");
}
});
button_10.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_11 = new JButton("8");
button_11.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_11.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "8");
}
});
button_11.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_12 = new JButton("9");
button_12.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_12.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "9");
}
});
button_12.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_14 = new JButton("%");
button_14.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_14.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_13 = new JButton("/");
button_13.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_13.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText(textField.getText() + "/");
}
});
button_13.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_15 = new JButton("\\u2190"); //清除按钮
button_15.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_15.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String str = textField.getText();
int a = str.length();
if(a == 0){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "没了，别逗了", "alert", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}else{
String str1 = str.substring(0, a-1);
// String str2 = str.replace(str, str1);
textField.setText(str1);
}
}
});
button_15.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton btnCe = new JButton("CE");
btnCe.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnCe.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton btnC = new JButton("C"); //把文本框中内容清空
btnC.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnC.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
textField.setText("");
}
});
btnC.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 25));
JButton button_18 = new JButton("\\u00B1");
button_18.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_18.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton button_19 = new JButton("\\u221A");
button_19.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
button_19.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton btnMc = new JButton("MC");
btnMc.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnMc.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton btnMr = new JButton("MR");
btnMr.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnMr.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton btnM = new JButton("MS");
btnM.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnM.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton btnM_1 = new JButton("M+");
btnM_1.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnM_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
JButton btnM_2 = new JButton("M-");
btnM_2.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
btnM_2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 12));
textField = new JTextField();
textField.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
textField.setForeground(Color.MAGENTA);
textField.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 30));
textField.setColumns(10);
GroupLayout gl_contentPane = new GroupLayout(contentPane);
gl_contentPane.setHorizontalGroup(
gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addGap(26)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 259, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(btnNewButton, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 104, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGap(13)
.addComponent(button, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addComponent(btnNewButton_1))
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(button_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_5, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_10, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_15, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnMc, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(btnMr, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING, false)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(button_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_6, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(button_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addComponent(button_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(button_7, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addComponent(button_8, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))))
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(button_11, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnCe, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(btnC, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addComponent(button_18, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(button_12, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addComponent(button_13, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(btnM, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addComponent(btnM_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))))))))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(btnNewButton_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 52, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_9, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_14, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_19, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnM_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 47, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))))
.addContainerGap(23, Short.MAX_VALUE))
);
gl_contentPane.setVerticalGroup(
gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addGap(23)
.addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGap(28)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(btnMc, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnMr, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnM, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnM_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnM_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(button_15, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnCe, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnC, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_18, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_19, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(button_10, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_11, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_14, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
.addComponent(button_13, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_12, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(button_5, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_6, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_7, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_8, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_9, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(button_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
.addComponent(button_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(button_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)))
.addGap(8)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(btnNewButton_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
.addComponent(button, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 44, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addComponent(btnNewButton, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 41, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))))
.addComponent(btnNewButton_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 94, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addContainerGap(GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
);
contentPane.setLayout(gl_contentPane);
}
private void clearButton() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
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