框架----Django之Form提交验证
Posted ForeverPine
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一、Form提交验证之（学生表、老师表、班级表）的添加和编辑实现案例
1. 浏览器访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/student_list/ http://127.0.0.1:8000/teacher_list/ http://127.0.0.1:8000/class_list/
2. models
1 from django.db import models 2 3 class Classes(models.Model): 4 title = models.CharField(max_length=32) 5 6 7 class Student(models.Model): 8 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 9 email = models.CharField(max_length=32) 10 age = models.IntegerField() 11 cls = models.ForeignKey(\'Classes\') 12 13 14 class Teacher(models.Model): 15 tname = models.CharField(max_length=32) 16 c2t = models.ManyToManyField(\'Classes\')
3. urls
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls), url(r\'^class_list/\', views.class_list), url(r\'^add_class/\', views.add_class), url(r\'^edit_class/(\\d+)/\', views.edit_class), url(r\'^student_list/\', views.student_list), url(r\'^add_student/\', views.add_student), url(r\'^edit_student/(\\d+)/\', views.edit_student), url(r\'^teacher_list/\', views.teacher_list), url(r\'^add_teacher/\', views.add_teacher), url(r\'^edit_teacher/(\\d+)/\', views.edit_teacher), url(r\'^test/\', views.test), ]
4. views
1 from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse 2 from app01 import models 3 from django.forms import Form 4 from django.forms import fields 5 from django.forms import widgets 6 7 8 # **************************班级信息************************** 9 class ClassForm(Form): 10 title = fields.RegexField(\'全栈\\d+\') 11 12 def class_list(request): 13 cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all() 14 return render(request,\'class_list.html\',{\'cls_list\':cls_list}) 15 16 def add_class(request): 17 if request.method == "GET": 18 obj = ClassForm() 19 return render(request,\'add_class.html\',{\'obj\': obj}) 20 else: 21 obj = ClassForm(request.POST) 22 if obj.is_valid(): 23 # obj.cleaned_data # 字典 24 # 数据库创建一条数据 25 # print(obj.cleaned_data) 26 # models.Classes.objects.create(title=obj.cleaned_data[\'tt\']) 27 28 models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) 29 return redirect(\'/class_list/\') 30 return render(request,\'add_class.html\',{\'obj\': obj}) 31 32 def edit_class(request,nid): 33 if request.method == "GET": 34 row = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first() 35 # 让页面显示初始值 36 # obj = ClassForm(data={\'title\': \'asdfasdfasdfas\'}) 37 obj = ClassForm(initial={\'title\': row.title}) 38 return render(request,\'edit_class.html\',{\'nid\': nid,\'obj\':obj}) 39 else: 40 obj = ClassForm(request.POST) 41 if obj.is_valid(): 42 models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data) 43 return redirect(\'/class_list/\') 44 return render(request,\'edit_class.html\',{\'nid\': nid,\'obj\':obj}) 45 46 47 48 # **************************学生信息************************** 49 class StudentForm(Form): 50 name = fields.CharField( 51 min_length=2, 52 max_length=6, 53 widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={\'class\': \'form-control\'}) 54 ) 55 email = fields.EmailField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={\'class\': \'form-control\'})) 56 age = fields.IntegerField(min_value=18,max_value=25,widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={\'class\': \'form-control\'})) 57 cls_id = fields.IntegerField( 58 # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,\'上海\'),(2,\'北京\')]) 59 #widgets 定义生成的标签类型 select下来菜单标签从数据库取值时使用values_list 60 widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list(\'id\',\'title\'),attrs={\'class\': \'form-control\'}) 61 ) 62 63 def student_list(request): 64 stu_list = models.Student.objects.all() 65 return render(request,\'student_list.html\',{\'stu_list\':stu_list}) 66 67 def add_student(request): 68 if request.method == "GET": 69 obj = StudentForm() 70 return render(request,\'add_student.html\',{\'obj\':obj}) 71 else: 72 obj = StudentForm(request.POST) 73 if obj.is_valid(): 74 models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) 75 return redirect(\'/student_list/\') 76 return render(request,\'add_student.html\',{\'obj\':obj}) 77 78 def edit_student(request,nid): 79 if request.method == "GET": 80 row = models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values(\'name\',\'email\',\'age\',\'cls_id\').first() 81 obj = StudentForm(initial=row) #initial 只有HTML标签 82 return render(request,\'edit_student.html\',{\'nid\':nid,\'obj\': obj}) 83 else: 84 obj = StudentForm(request.POST) 85 if obj.is_valid(): 86 models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data) 87 return redirect(\'/student_list/\') 88 return render(request,\'edit_student.html\',{\'nid\':nid,\'obj\': obj}) 89 90 91 92 # **************************老师信息************************** 93 from django.forms import models as form_model # 导入这个models as form_model 模块 94 class TeacherForm(Form): 95 tname = fields.CharField(min_length=2) 96 97 # xx = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.Classes.objects.all()) 98 99 xx = fields.MultipleChoiceField( 100 # choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list(\'id\',\'title\'), # 写了下面的那个BUG解决这条就不用写 101 widget=widgets.SelectMultiple 102 ) 103 def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): # 解决刷新无法动态显示数据库内容的BUG 104 super(TeacherForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) 105 self.fields[\'xx\'].choices = models.Classes.objects.values_list(\'id\',\'title\') 106 107 def teacher_list(request): 108 tea_list = models.Teacher.objects.all() 109 return render(request,\'teacher_list.html\',{\'tea_list\':tea_list}) 110 111 def add_teacher(request): 112 if request.method == \'GET\': 113 obj = TeacherForm() 114 return render(request,\'add_teacher.html\',{\'obj\':obj}) 115 else: 116 obj = TeacherForm(request.POST) 117 if obj.is_valid(): 118 xx = obj.cleaned_data.pop(\'xx\') # pop 剔除，去掉 119 row = models.Teacher.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) 120 row.c2t.add(*xx) #[1,2] 121 return redirect(\'/teacher_list/\') 122 return render(request,\'add_teacher.html\',{\'obj\':obj}) 123 124 def edit_teacher(request,nid): 125 if request.method == \'GET\': 126 row = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first() 127 class_ids = row.c2t.values_list(\'id\') 128 # print(class_ids) 129 # id_list = [] 130 id_list = list(zip(*class_ids))[0] if list(zip(*class_ids)) else [] # 这是个三元表达式 if 后面的如果为真就执行if前面的，否则就执行else后面的------zip是python内置函数 131 # obj = TeacherForm(initial={\'tname\':row.tname,\'xx\':[1,2,3]}) 132 obj = TeacherForm(initial={\'tname\': row.tname, \'xx\': id_list}) # initial 初始值（也就是默认值，这里要编辑的对象输入框内要有默认的老师，select下拉框内要有默认的任教班级） 133 return render(request,\'edit_teacher.html\',{\'obj\':obj,\'nid\':nid}) 134 else: 135 obj = TeacherForm(request.POST) 136 if obj.is_valid(): 137 xx = obj.cleaned_data.pop(\'xx\') # pop 剔除，去掉 138 row = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data) 139 row.c2t.add(*xx) 140 return redirect(\'/teacher_list/\') 141 return render(request, \'edit_teacher.html\', {\'obj\': obj}) 142 143 144 145 # **************************测试************************** 146 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError 147 148 class TestForm(Form): 149 user = fields.CharField(validators=[]) 150 pwd = fields.CharField() 151 152 def clean_user(self): 153 v = self.cleaned_data[\'user\'] 154 if models.Student.objects.filter(name=v).count(): 155 raise ValidationError(\'用户名已经存在\') 156 return self.cleaned_data[\'user\'] 157 158 def clean_pwd(self): 159 return self.cleaned_data[\'pwd\'] 160 161 def clean(self): 162 # user = self.cleaned_data.get(\'user\') 163 # email = self.cleaned_data.get(\'email\') 164 # if models.Student.objects.filter(user=user,email=email).count(): 165 # raise ValidationError(\'用户名和邮箱联合已经存在\') 166 return self.cleaned_data 167 168 # def _post_clean(self): 169 # """ 170 # An internal hook for performing additional cleaning after form cleaning 171 # is complete. Used for model validation in model forms. 172 # """ 173 # pass 174 175 176 177 def test(request): 178 obj = TestForm(initial={\'t3\':[2,3]}) #默认值为2,3 179 obj.is_valid() 180 return render(request,\'test.html\',{\'obj\':obj})
5. templates
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title></title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <h1>学生列表</h1> 9 <a href="/add_student/">添加</a> 10 <ul> 11 {% for row in stu_list %} 12 <li> 13 {{ row.name }}-{{ row.email }}-{{ row.age }}-{{ row.cls_id }}-{{ row.cls.title }} 14 <a href="/edit_student/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a> 15 </li> 16 {% endfor %} 17 </ul> 18 </body> 19 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title></title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <h1>老师列表</h1> 9 <div> 10 <a href="/add_teacher/">添加</a> 11 </div> 12 <table border="1"> 13 <thead> 14 <tr> 15 <th>ID</th> 16 <th>老师姓名</th> 17 <th>任教班级</th> 18 </tr> 19 </thead> 20 <tbody> 21 {% for row in tea_list %} 22 <tr> 23 <td>{{ row.id }}</td> 24 <td>{{ row.tname }}</td> 25 <td> 26 {% for row in row.c2t.all %} 27 {{ row.title }} 28 {% endfor %} 29 </td> 30 <td> 31 <a href="/edit_teacher/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a> 32 </td> 33 </tr> 34 {% endfor %} 35 </tbody> 36 </table> 37 </body> 38 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title></title> Django 框架之Form组件