SpringMVC实战

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一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序

  1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

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  2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name><span id="56_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="56_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="56" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>mvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</<span id="57_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="57_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=servlet&k0=servlet&kdi0=0&luki=5&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="57" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">servlet</span></a></span>>
 
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

  3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

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<?<span id="45_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="45_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=xml&k0=xml&kdi0=0&luki=2&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="45" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">xml</span></a></span> version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.<span id="46_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="46_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="46" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:<span id="47_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="47_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=xsi&k0=xsi&kdi0=0&luki=4&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="47" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">xsi</span></a></span>="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:<span id="48_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="48_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="48" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">mvc</span></a></span>="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.<span id="49_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="49_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="49" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
 
    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
 
    <!-- don‘t handle the static resource -->
    <<span id="50_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="50_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="50" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">mvc</span></a></span>:default-<span id="51_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="51_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=servlet&k0=servlet&kdi0=0&luki=5&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="51" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">servlet</span></a></span>-handler />
 
    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
     
    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.<span id="52_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="52_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="52" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
            id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/<span id="53_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="53_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=jsp&k0=jsp&kdi0=0&luki=9&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="53" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">jsp</span></a></span>/" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

  4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。

  5.建立包及Controller,如下所示

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  6.编写Controller代码

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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {
 
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){       
        return "hello";
    }
}

  7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

 二、配置解析

  1.Dispatcherservlet

  DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。

  2.InternalResourceViewResolver

  视图名称解析器

  3.以上出现的注解

  @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

 三、SpringMVC常用注解

  @Controller

  负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping

  注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

  @RequestBody

  该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

  @ResponseBody

  该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区

  @ModelAttribute    

  在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

  在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

  @RequestParam 

  在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

  @PathVariable

  绑定 URL 占位符到入参

  @ExceptionHandler

  注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法

  @ControllerAdvice

  使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

 四、自动匹配参数

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//match automatically
@RequestMapping("/person")
public String toPerson(String name,double age){
    System.out.println(name+" "+age);
    return "hello";
}

 五、自动装箱

  1.编写一个Person实体类

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package test.SpringMVC.model;
 
public class Person {
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    private String name;
    private int age;
     
}

  2.在Controller里编写方法

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//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping("/person1")
public String toPerson(Person p){
    System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
    return "hello";
}

 六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping("/date")
public String date(Date date){
    System.out.println(date);
    return "hello";
}
    
//At the time of initialization,convert the <span id="38_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="38_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=type&k0=type&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="38" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">type</span></a></span> "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
    binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, <span id="39_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="39_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="39" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
            true));
}

 七、向前台传递参数

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//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping("/show")
public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
    Person p =<span id="37_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="37_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4fa2399595c845ff&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=ff45c8959539a24f&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="37" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> Person();
    map.put("p", p);
    p.setAge(20);
    p.setName("jayjay");
    return "show";
}

  前台可在Request域中取到"p"

 八、使用Ajax调用