细心的英语人士请进???
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较常用的衔接词,不要太简单的,如:firstly,secondly这些就不用了。
不要去网上整段整段的复制。回答了象firstly,secondly这样的词,我是不会给分的。
我给出一些例子,希望你们尽力帮我找找,从而也增长自己的知识。
强调:by any means
比较:by comparision
对比:on the contrary
列举:for instance
时间:occasionally
顺序:to begin with
可能:presumably
解释:as a matter of fact
递进:in addition
让步:after all
转折:on the other hand
原因:owing to
结果:as a result
总结:in brief
yan_746459@tom.com
对不起,我不是说分给谁,只是有很多人都没认真对待问题,去网上胡乱的抄,自己发的什么都不知道。
我也有去网上找,可惜不多。
没你们找的好,真的,谢谢各位!
Emphasis/highlighting 强调
Conclusion 总结
Causal (result/consequence) 因果
Chronological (temporal) sequence 顺序
At first, first, firstly, second, secondly, then, next, eventually, in the end, lastly, later, subsequently, at the same time, simultaneously, afterwards, finally, last but not least
Additive 补充
And, in addition, moreover, besides, above all, further, furthermore, not only … but also, what is more, in the same way
Comparison 比较
Likewise, equally, similarly, in comparison, correspondingly, in the same way
Comparison / Contrastive 比较 / 对比
But, however, whereas, conversely, in contrast, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand, yet
Concessive 让步
However, nevertheless, even though, still, yet
Expressing an alternative 提出可选项
Alternatively, on the other hand, rather
Causal (result/consequence) 因果
Consequently, so, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, hence, thus, owing to this/that, due to this/that, because of this/that, therefore, with this in mind, under these circumstances
Example / illustration 举例
For example, that is, such as, for instance, thus, as follows, the following, in this case
Explanation / rephrasing 解释
That is to say, in other words, namely, this means, to put it in another way, to put it simply
Thematising/starting a new point 提出新观点
With regard to, in regard to, with reference to, turning to, as for…, as far as… is concerned
Generalisation / hedging 模糊限制语
Generally, in general, on the whole, in most cases, normally, as a rule, in most cases, usually, for the most part
Interpersonal (情感)交际
Fortunately, unfortunately, certainly, luckily, needless to say, strangely enough
Emphasis/highlighting 强调
Mainly, especially, notably, in particular, particularly, clearly then
Conclusion 总结
In conclusion, to conclude, finally, to sum up, in brief, therefore
Condition/deduction 条件
Otherwise, under the circumstances, if so, if not, in that case, otherwise
一、表示罗列增加(递进)
first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, then / next, after that / next, finally / last / last but not least, and equally important, on (the) one hand…, on the other hand…, besides / what’s more / in addition (to sth.) / furthermore / moreover / another / also / too, plus, as well, especially / particularly / in particular
二、表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, at the beginning (of sth.), to begin with, to start with
later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly = all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment…, form now on, from then on, gradually
at the same time = meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as, during
三、表示解释说明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, in fact / as a matter of fact / actually, frankly speaking, in other words, in simpler terms, that is to say, to put it differently
四、表示转折关系
but, however, while, though, yet, still, nevertheless, or, otherwise, on the contrary / on the other hand,in spite of… / despite the fact that…, even though, except (for), instead, in stead of, of course, after all, even so
五、表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also…, as well as, both… and…, either …or…, neither…nor…
六、表示因果关系
原因:because, because of = thanks to… = due to… = owing to…, since = now that, as, for,
结果:so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result (of), on this / that account, so…that, such…that, in this way
七、表示条件关系
as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
八、表示让步关系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where)
九、表示举例
for example, for instance, such as…, like…, take… for example
十、表示比较
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…, just like
十一、表示目的
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, in order to, so as to,
十二、表示强调
indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all
十三、表示概括归纳
in a word, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, generally speaking, in general, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, as what has been mentioned, to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion 参考技术A Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思: Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等
Ⅱ表示“反意见”: But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”: Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等
Ⅵ表示“结束”: To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 参考技术B 呵呵,我看你是有点吃饱了撑的,网上明显多得很,还是复制一个吧,我不要分
(一) 段落开头常用词语
As far as... is concerned 就……而言,就……而论
As the proverb goes 有句谚语说道……
What calls for special attention is that... 值得引起特别注意的是……
(二)表示举例常用词语
for instance 例如
for example 例如
An interesting example is that... 一个有趣的例子是……
As is shown by the case of... 正如同……的例子说明,……
(三)表对比和转折
conversely 相反的是
on the contrary 恰恰相反
similarly 与之相似地,……
whereas... 可是……
(四)表因果
Consequently,... 所以,……结果,……
Owing to... 因为……
Thanks to... 因为……多亏
Therefore,... 所以
lead to 导致
lie in 在于
(五)表递进和补充
furthermore 还有in addition 另外
what's more 另外
(六)表强调
more importantly, 更重要的是undoubtedly 毫无疑问
(七)表结论
To make (cut) a long story short,... 简而言之
Therefore,we have every reason to believe that... 所以我们有理由相信…
To sum up,... 总之
To summarize 总之 参考技术C 连接词根据其本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义可分为几类:
a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking
b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally
c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,
d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now that
e.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently
f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way
g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , however
h.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with
i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actually
j.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but , yet 参考技术D 我的一本语法书里有这样的一页,都是连接词的,我把它拍下来,发给你吧。
请问你的邮箱是。。。本回答被提问者采纳
请进!!如何把绘制的图片直接以二进制流存入数据库(java)
我使用了java.awt.*;直接绘图 如下方法:public void generateImage(String text)throws IOException
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
if(rectColor == null) rectColor = new Color(0, 0, 0);
if(bgColor == null) bgColor = new Color(240, 251, 200);
//获取画布
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
//画长方形
g.setColor(bgColor);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
//外框
g.setColor(rectColor);
g.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);
//画字符串
drawer.draw(this, g, text);
//执行
g.dispose();
//输出图片结果
saveImage(image);
我能够输出绘制好的图形,可是怎么直接把绘制好的图形转化成二进制存入数据库,不用在机子上出现图片,只要存到数据库就行了。使用OutputStream?
如果你想把二进制的数据,比如说图片文件和HTML文件,直接保存在你的MySQL数据库,那么这篇文章就是为你而写的!我将告诉你怎样通过HTML表单来储存这些文件,怎样访问和使用这些文件。
一、本文概述
本文的主要内容如下:
* 在MySQL中建立一个新的数据库
* 一个怎样储存文件的例子程序
* 一个怎样访问文件的例子程序
二、在MySQL中建立一个新的database
首先,你必须在你的MySQL中建立一个新的数据库,我们将会把那些二进制文件储存在这个数据库里。在例子中我会使用下列结构,为了建立数据库,你必须做下列步骤:
1. 进入MySQL控制器
2. 输入命令"create database binary_data;"
3. 输入命令"use binary_data;"
输入如下命令:
"CREATE TABLE binary_data ( id INT(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,description CHAR(50), bin_data LONGBLOB, filename CHAR(50), filesize CHAR(50), filetype CHAR(50));" (不能断行)
如果没有意外,数据库 和 表 应该建立好了。
三、一个怎样储存文件的例子程序
用这个例子你可以通过Html表单将文件传输到数据库中。
store.php3
// store.php3 - by Florian Dittmer
?>
// 如果提交了表单,代码将被执行:
if ($submit)
// 连接到数据库
// (你可能需要调整主机名,用户名和密码)
MYSQL_CONNECT( "localhost", "root", "password");
MySQL_select_db( "binary_data");
$data = addslashes(fread(fopen($form_data, "r"), filesize($form_data)));
$result=MYSQL_QUERY( "INSERT INTO binary_data (description,bin_data,filename,filesize,filetype)VALUES ('$form_description','$data','$form_data_name','$form_data_size','$form_data_type')");
$id= MySQL_insert_id();
print "This file has the following Database ID: $id";
MYSQL_CLOSE();
else
// 否则显示储存新数据的表单
?>
@MySQL_select_db( "binary_data");
$query = "select bin_data,filetype from binary_data where id=$id";
$result = @MYSQL_QUERY($query);
$data = @MYSQL_RESULT($result,0, "bin_data");
$type = @MYSQL_RESULT($result,0, "filetype");
Header( "Content-type: $type");
echo $data;
;
?>
程序必须知道要访问那个文件, 你必须将ID作为一个参数。
例如: 一个文件在数据库中的ID为2. 你可以这样调用它: getdata.php3?id=2
如果你将图片储存在数据库里, 你可以向调用图片一样调用它。
Example: 一个图片文件在数据库中的ID为3. 你可以这样调用它:
五、怎样储存大于1MB的文件
如果你想储存大于1MB的文件,你必须对你的程序、PHP设置、SQL设置进行许多修改。
下面几条也许可以帮助你储存小于24MB的文件:
1) 修改 store.php3,将 MAX_FILE_SIZE 的值改成 24000000。
2) 修改你的PHP设置,在一般情况下,PHP只允许小于2MB的文件,你必须将max_filesize(在php.ini中)的值改成24000000
3) 去掉MYSQL的数据包大小限制,在一般情况下 MYSQL 小于1 MB的数据包。
4) 你必须用以下参数重启你的MYSQL :/usr/local/bin/safe_MySQLd -O key_buffer=16M -O table_cache=128 -O sort_buffer=4M -O record_buffer=1M -O max_allowed_packet=24M
5) 如果仍然出错:可能是超时错误,如果你通过一个很慢的连接来储存一个很大的文件,PHP缺省的时间限制为30秒。你可以将max_execution_time(在php.ini中)的值改为-1
下面是一个老外写的,可以读
Saving Images in MySQL
Sometimes, it's more convenient to save images in a database than as files.
MySQL and PHP make it very easy to do this. In this article, I will describe
how to save images in a MySQL database and display them later on.
Setting up the database
The difference between any regular text or integer fields and a field that
needs to save an image is the amount of data that is needed to be held in the
field. MySQL uses special fields to hold large amounts of data. These fields
are known as blobs (blob).
Here is the BLOB definition from the MySQL site :
A BLOB is a binary large object that can hold a variable amount of data. The
four BLOB types TINYBLOB, BLOB, MEDIUMBLOB and LONGBLOB differ only in the
maximum length of the values they can hold
For more information about MySQL BLOBs check out
hapter/manual_Reference.html#BLOB
Use the next syntax to create a basic table that will hold the images:
CREATE TABLE Images (
PicNum int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Image BLOB
);
Setting the upload script
An example of a file upload front end can be seen at File Uploading by berber
(29/06/99). What we need now is the PHP script that will get the file and
insert it into MySQL. The next script does just that. In the script, I'm
assuming that the name of the file field is "icture".
<?
If($Picture != "none")
$PSize = filesize($Picture);
$mysqlPicture = addslashes(fread(fopen($Picture, "r"), $PSize));
unlink($Picture);
mysql_connect($host,$username,$password)
or die("Unable to connect to SQL server");
@mysql_select_db($db)
or die("Unable to select database");
mysql_query("INSERT INTO Images (Image) VALUES '($mysqlPicture')")
or die("Can't Perform Query");
else
echo"You did not upload any picture";
?>
This is all that is needed to enter the image into the database. Note that in
some cases you might get an error when you try to insert the image into
MySQL. In such a case you should check the maximum packet size allowed by
your MySQL ver. It might be too small and you will see an error about this in
the MySQL error log.
What we did in the above file is :
1. Check if a file was uploaded with If($Picture != "none").
2. addslashes() to the picture stream to avoide errors in MySQL.
3. Delete the temporary file.
3. Connect to MySQL, choose the database and insert the image.
Displaying the Images
Now that we know how to get the images into the database we need to figure
out how to get them out and display them. This is more complicated than
getting them in but if you follow these steps you will have this up and
running in no time.
Since showing a picture requires a header to be sent, we seem to be in an
impossible situation in which we can only show one picture and than we can't
show anymore Since once the headers are sent we can't send any more headers.
This is the tricky part. To outsmart the system we use two files. The first
file is the HTML template that knows where we want to display the image(s).
It's a regular PHP file, which builds the HTML that contains the <IMG> tags,
as we want to display them. The second file is called to provide the actual
file stream from the database directly into the SRC property of the <IMG>
tag.
This is how a simple script of the first type should look like:
<HTML>
<BODY>
<?
mysql_connect($host,$username,$password)
or die("Unable to connect to SQL server");
@mysql_select_db($db)
or die("Unable to select database");
mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Images")
or die("Can't Perform Query");
While($row=mysql_fetch_object($result))
echo "<IMG SRC=\"SecondType.php3?PicNum=$row->icNum\">";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
While the HTML is being displayed, the SecondType.php3 file is called for
each image we want to display. The script is called with the Picture ID
(PicNum) which allows us to fetch the image and display it.
The SecondType.php3 file looks like this :
<?
$result=mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Images WHERE PicNum=$PicNum")
or die("Can't perform Query");
$row=mysql_fetch_object($result);
Header( "Content-type: image/gif");
echo $row->Image;
?>
This is the whole theory behind images and MySQL. The scripts in this example
are the basics. You can now enhance these scripts to include thumbnails, set
the images in various positions, enhance the database table to hold an ALT
field, Check the width and height of the images before you insert them into
the database and keep that data in the table too etc...
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