Spring+Springmvc+Hibernate环境搭建与配置
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这里给出JavaWeb项目Spring+Springmvc+Hibernate框架环境的搭建与配置，方便以后快速创建项目。下面是以本人的一个项目为例给出的配置，不同项目具体的结构都是可以按一下结构完成的，至于配置内容则需要按照具体的项目需求更改部分内容。需要注意的是，本项目是以使用注解为前提完成的项目。
一．项目目录
首先说明一下，本项目是maven项目，采用Spring+Springmvc+Hibernate的框架，前端模板引擎采用thymeleaf，html代码存放在下面结构的templates文件夹中。
总体项目结构如下：
上图中src/main/java放每一层的代码，hibernate.cfg.xml也存在该路径下，而spring、springmvc的配置文件则存放在/WEB-INF/configs/spring下，当然这些文件也可以放在别的目录下，只需要在web.xml中配置路径即可，具体方法见web.xml的配置。
二．pom.xml的配置
每个依赖的内容都在注释中写明，需要什么依赖或者不需要什么依赖只需在pom.xml中添加或删除该依赖即可。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>SYSU</groupId> <artifactId>MovieHub</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>MovieHub Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <!-- 定义依赖库的版本变量 --> <properties> <commons-lang.version>2.6</commons-lang.version> <!-- spring 版本号 --> <spring.version>4.3.3.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>3.6.10.Final</hibernate.version> <jackson.version>2.5.4</jackson.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version> <thymeleaf.version>3.0.2.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <jetty.version>9.3.7.v20160115</jetty.version> </properties> <!-- 依赖库定义 --> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.10</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> <version>${commons-lang.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 防止 jsp 报错 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <!-- 各种集合类和集合工具类 --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-collections</groupId> <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId> <version>3.2.1</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Begin --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring End --> <!-- mysql --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.25</version> </dependency> <!-- logging --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cglib</groupId> <artifactId>cglib</artifactId> <version>2.2.2</version> </dependency> <!-- log4j & slf4j --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- jackson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <!--view thymeleaf模板引擎 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId> <version>${thymeleaf.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId> <version>1.0.1.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <version>3.15.0-GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>antlr</groupId> <artifactId>antlr</artifactId> <version>2.7.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>dom4j</groupId> <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <!-- jboss --> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.logging</groupId> <artifactId>jboss-logging</artifactId> <version>3.1.0.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.spec.javax.transaction</groupId> <artifactId>jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec</artifactId> <version>1.0.0.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <!-- maven 编译插件 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.5.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> <compilerVersion>1.3</compilerVersion> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <!-- 最终的项目名称 --> <finalName>MovieHub</finalName> </build> </project>
三．web.xml的配置
web.xml主要配置spring、springmvc配置文件的路径，如果项目需要也可以配置各种拦截器监听器等等。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>MovieHub</display-name> <!-- Spring应用上下文， 理解层次化的ApplicationContext --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/beans.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- DispatcherServlet, Spring MVC的核心 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- DispatcherServlet对应的上下文配置， 默认为/WEB-INF/$servlet-name$-servlet.xml --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <!-- mvc-dispatcher拦截所有的请求 --> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
四．Spring的配置
由于使用注解，所以spring的配置beans.xml非常简单，只需要配置扫描注解，其他的交由注解完成。所以说，使用注解就是简单！
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd" default-autowire="byName"> <context:component-scan base-package="com"> </context:component-scan> </beans>
五．Springmvc的配置
springmvc的配置同样需配置注解驱动，同时，静态资源的映射、模板引擎等配置也在mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml里配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 本配置文件是工名为mvc-dispatcher的DispatcherServlet使用，提供其相关的Spring MVC配置 --> <!-- 启用Spring基于annotation的DI, 使用户可以在Spring MVC中使用Spring的强大功能。 激活 @Required @Autowired,JSR 250‘s @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy and @Resource 等标注 --> <context:annotation-config /> <!--启用mvc注解--> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- DispatcherServlet上下文， 只管理@Controller类型的bean， 忽略其他型的bean, 如@Service --> <context:component-scan base-package="com"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- 扩充了注解驱动，可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!--静态资源映射--> <mvc:resources mapping="/rs-plugin/**" location="/static/rs-plugin/" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/static/images/" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/static/css/" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/static/js/" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/static/fonts/" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/favicon.ico" location="/static/favicon.ico" /> <!--模板引擎--> <bean id="templateResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring4.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".html" /> <!-- HTML is the default value, added here for the sake of clarity. --> <property name="templateMode" value="HTML" /> <!-- Template cache is true by default. Set to false if you want --> <!-- templates to be automatically updated when modified. --> <!--缓存--> <!--<property name="cacheable" value="true" />--> <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/> </bean> <!-- SpringTemplateEngine automatically applies SpringStandardDialect and --> <!-- enables Spring‘s own MessageSource message resolution mechanisms. --> <bean id="templateEngine" class="org.thymeleaf.spring4.SpringTemplateEngine"> <property name="templateResolver" ref="templateResolver" /> <property name="enableSpringELCompiler" value="true" /> </bean> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring4.view.ThymeleafViewResolver"> <property name="templateEngine" ref="templateEngine" /> <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/> </bean> </beans>
六．Hibernate的配置
由于都是使用注解，所以hibernate的配置也格外简单，只需要配置各种属性，包括数据库用户名密码、url、方言等，还有映射的实体类等就可以了，其他交由注解搞定。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password"></property> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///movie?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</property> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">true</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- 映射实体类 --> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.Actor" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.Address" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.Cinema" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.Film" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.FilmType" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.Order" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.OrderItem" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.PlaySession" /> <mapping class="com.DzGeeks.repository.entity.Seat" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
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