视频学习记录day13
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LANP环境工作原理：
老男孩以这个为准
1、安装mysql
mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
cd /home/oldboy/tools
tar -xf mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.56
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.56 /application/mysql
#################相当于make install完成###########################
2、创建用户：
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql -M
id mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql
ll -d /application/mysql
mkdir -p /application/mysql/data
3、初始化数据库：
cd /application/mysql
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
sed -i ‘s#/usr/local/#/application/#g‘ /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
\cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf #给配置文件
/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
PATH="/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH"
which mysql
sed -i ‘s#/usr/local/#/application/#g‘ support-files/mysql.server
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
lsof -i :3306
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
lsof -i :3306
chkconfig --add mysqld
mysql
故障分析：
[[email protected] mysql]# ll -d /tmp #要求/tmp目录必须是1777权限
drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 4096 2017-05-30 13:36 /tmp
[[email protected] mysql]# cat /etc/hosts #要求hosts必须有本机域名解析
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5 lb01
172.16.1.6 lb02
172.16.1.7 web02
172.16.1.8 web01
172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.31 nfs01
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.61 m01
################################2017年5月20日 17:05:52##############
http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/1122867
设置密码：
mysqladmin -u root password ‘oldboy123‘
登录mysql：
mysql -u root -p oldboy123
再次修改密码：
mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy123 password 123456
再次登录： （默认root用户登录）
mysql -p123456
这样有把柄history 最好 history -c 青空一下历史记录
2017年5月30日 22:12:34-
netstat -lntup |egrep "3306|80" 检查nginx和mysql的启动情况
安装php的前提是nginx和mysql已经安装启动完成
libiconv-devel 由于该包不能yum安装上去 所以得手动下载编译安装！
安装PHP基础库：
yum -y install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
yum -y install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
cd /home/oldboy/tools
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
make
make install
cd ../
安装PHP的相关扩展库：
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo #已放入基础优化一键代码
yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt
rpm -qa libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt
解压配置PHP：
rz上传php-5.5.32.tar.gz 到 /home/oldboy/tools
然后tar zxf php-5.5.32.tar.gz & cd /home/oldboy/tools/php-5.5.32
然后配置php：
（斜线后不能有空格 最后一个不能有斜线）
./configure \
--prefix=/application/php5.5.32 \
--with-mysql=/application/mysql/ \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no
疑问：-bash: --prefix=/application/php5.5.32: 没有那个文件或目录 出现了这个但是不影响后续的操作
/usr/local/lib/php/ 居然被安装到默认路径了
解答：因为./configure 和后面的必须连接起来 后面必须跟一个 \ 连接符号！
老男孩老师指导-规避相关错误：
ln -s /application/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/ #防止提示找不到共享库
touch ext/phar/phar.phar #php5.3的bug
make
make install
ln -s /application/php5.5.32/ /application/php
配置php解析文件：
cp php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini
配置php-fpm配置文件：
cd /application/php/etc/
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
启动php-fpm：
/application/php/sbin/php-fpm
lsof -i :9000
ps -ef |grep php-fpm
2017年5月31日 21:52:24-
整合nginx+php：
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
测试验证到nginx是否通畅：
cd /application/nginx/html/blog
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >test.info.php
出来结果成功，哈哈哈哈哈哈！
测试php连接mysql：
[[email protected] blog]# vim test.mysql.php
<?php
$link_id=mysql_connect(‘localhost‘,‘root‘,‘123456‘) or mysql_error();
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successful by 20has !";
}else {
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password oldboy123 后续统一mysqladmin密码为oldboy123
在web01上搭建wordpress个人用户博客
1、创建用户：
PATH="/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH"
mysql -uroot -poldboy123
mysql> show databases; #查看数据库
mysql> drop database test; #删除指定数据库
mysql> system whoami #查看当前目录
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; #查看所有用户
mysql> create database wordpress; #创建wordpress数据库
mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to [email protected]‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
#授权grant wordpress用户管理wordpress表的所有内容
mysql> show grants for [email protected]‘localhost‘; #查看wordpress用户授权范围
mysql> flush privileges; #刷新数据库，让权限生效
2、调整nginx配置并重启服务：
[[email protected] extra]# vim blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
[[email protected] ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
[[email protected] ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
3、下载博客 安装 rz上传到web01服务器：
tar xf wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
cp -a wordpress/* /application/nginx/html/blog/
chown -R www.www /application/nginx/html/blog/ #先给个大权限 待优化
4、做hosts解析，浏览器安装博客：
2017年6月1日 20:11:12-
1、将LNMP服务中的数据库独立分离到服务器2：
web01备份数据库并导出：
mysqldump -uroot -poldboy123 wordpress -B |gzip>bak.sql.gz
scp bak.sql.gz [email protected]:/tmp
db01导入并检测：
mysqladmin -uroot password oldboy123
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 </tmp/bak.sql
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -e "show databases like ‘wordpress‘;"
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -e "use wordpress;show tables;"
db01数据库授权（设置管理员）：
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -e "grant all on wordpress.* to [email protected]‘172.16.1.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;"
web01关闭本地数据库：
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
chkconfig mysqld off
chkconfig --list|grep mysqld
web01更改配置wp-config.php文件:
[[email protected] blog]#vim /application/nginx/html/blog/wp-config.php
/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define(‘DB_NAME‘, ‘wordpress‘);
/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define(‘DB_USER‘, ‘wordpress‘);
/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define(‘DB_PASSWORD‘, ‘123456‘);
/** MySQL主机 */
define(‘DB_HOST‘, ‘172.16.1.51‘);
结果很明显是成功的！
2、将blog的资源文件迁移到NFS：
nfs服务器上设置：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/exports
/data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=891,anongid=891)
/etc/init.d/nfs reload
/etc/init.d/rpcbind status
showmount -e 172.16.1.31
资源目录：/application/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -u 891 www #保证和nfs同样的用户uid和gid
[[email protected] uploads]# mv /application/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads/* /tmp/
[[email protected] uploads]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/nfs-blog /application/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads/
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
[[email protected] ~]# mv /tmp/2017 /application/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads
Web集群第11章 关于期中架构搭建！
wordpress伪静态的实现：
[[email protected] ~]# cd /application/nginx/conf/extra/
[[email protected] extra]# vim blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;
}
或者 （抵过上述这堆）
[[email protected] extra]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
LANP的搭建：
nginx 1.6.3 +php5.5.32 +mysql5.5.56
apache2.2.32 +php5.3.27 +mysql5.5.56
安装apache：
yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl #解决编译问题
yum -y install lrzsz nmap tree dos2unix nc #上传软件等
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
tar -xf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
cd /home/oldboy/tools/httpd-2.2.32
mkdir -p /application/apach2.2.31
./configure \
--prefix=/application/apache2.2.31 \
--enable-deflate \
--enable-expires \
--enable-headers \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-so \
--with-mpm=worker \
--enable-rewrite
make
make install
ln -s /application/apache2.2.31/ /application/apache
ll /application/apache
基于域名的apache虚拟主机配置：
cd /application/apache/htdocs/
mkdir bbs blog www
vim /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf
405行 Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #去掉注释，使该行生效
98行 ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
145行 Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks #加 - 号 表示不让列出目录
vim /application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.31/htdocs/www"
ServerName www.etiantian.org
ServerAlias etiantian.org
ErrorLog "logs/www-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/www-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.31/htdocs/blog"
ServerName blog.etiantian.org
ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/blog-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.31/htdocs/bbs"
ServerName bbs.etiantian.org
ErrorLog "logs/bbs-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/bbs-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
/application/apache/bin/apachectl -t #检查语法
/application/apache/bin/apachectl start #启动apache
/application/apache/bin/apachectl graceful #优雅重启 相当于nginx -s reload
echo "apache www" > www/index.html #添加首页文件
echo "apache bbs" > bbs/index.html
echo "apache blog" > blog/index.html
测试：
[[email protected] ~]# grep www.etiantian.org /etc/hosts
172.16.1.7 web02 www.etiantian.org etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org
[[email protected] ~]# curl www.etiantian.org
apache www
[[email protected] ~]# curl bbs.etiantian.org
apache bbs
[[email protected] ~]# curl blog.etiantian.org
apache blog
2017年6月2日 22:59:56-
安装PHP基础库：
yum -y install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
yum -y install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
cd /home/oldboy/tools
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
make
make install
cd ../
安装PHP的相关扩展库：
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo #已放入基础优化一键代码
yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt openssl-devel libxslt #之前nginx已经安装openssl 所以不报错
rpm -qa libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt
安装php-5.3.27：
cd和rz上传php安装包 到 /home/oldboy/tools
tar -xf php-5.3.27.tar.gz
cd php-5.3.27
./configure \
--prefix=/application/php5.3.27 \
--with-apxs2=/application/apache/bin/apxs \
--with-mysql=mysqlnd \ #使用此参数本地可以没有Mysql软件包
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--enable-ftp
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /application/php5.3.27/ /application/php
ls /application/php
配置httpd和php的整合：
[[email protected] tools]# vim /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf #增加修改如下几行
320行 ADDType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
321行 ADDType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
168行 DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
67行 User www
68行 Group www
useradd -u 891 -s /sbin/nologin www
id www
/application/apache/bin/apachectl -t
/application/apache/bin/apachectl graceful
检查php：
cd /application/apache/htdocs/blog
[[email protected] blog]# cat phpinfo.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
检查MySQL：
cd /application/apache/htdocs/blog
[[email protected] blog]# vim test_mysql.php
<?php
$link_id=mysql_connect(‘db01.etiantian.org‘,‘wordpress‘,‘123456‘) or mysql_error();
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successful by 20has !";
}else {
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
[[email protected] blog]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5 lb01
172.16.1.6 lb02
172.16.1.7 web02
172.16.1.8 web01
172.16.1.31 nfs01
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.61 m01
原因又是出现在了mac，MAC，克隆的机器变成了同样的mac，导致局域网机器互通有问题 eth1的问题
>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 清除原有网卡记录
2017年6月3日 22:51:04-
拷贝nginx的blog 到 apache的blog目录 就算完成wordpress的安装
web02分离挂载附件到nfs
yum -y install rpcbind nfs-utils
/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
chkconfig rpcbind on
showmount -e 172.16.1.31
mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/nfs-blog /application/apache/htdocs/blog/wp-content/uploads/
df -h
echo "/bin/mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/nfs-blog /application/apache/htdocs/blog/wp-content/uploads/" >>/etc/rc.local
cat /etc/rc.local
优化apache的工作模式：
[[email protected] conf]# vim /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf +391
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf #去掉注释，使其生效
因为前面编译安装apache的时候已经指定apache工作模式是worker --with-mpm=worker
[[email protected] extra]# vim /application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf +52
51 <IfModule mpm_worker_module>
52 StartServers 2
53行 MaxClients 150 #调大并发数到1500，优化之一
54 MinSpareThreads 25
55 MaxSpareThreads 75
56 ThreadsPerChild 25
57 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 #每个子进程最大处理包数量到5000，优化之一
58 </IfModule>
apache的目录许可说明： 搭建的小坑
nginx的负载均衡和期中述职没有看完
2017年6月4日 21:22:18-
负载均衡和反向代理的区别：
nginx L7 1.9版本后也支持L4 （L7表示网络七层模型之第7层 应用层）
lvs L4 （特大型企业使用lvs作为负载均衡）
haproxy L4 L7
Example Configuration
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com weight=5;
server backend2.example.com:8080;
server unix:/tmp/backend3;
server backup1.example.com:8080 backup;
server backup2.example.com:8080 backup;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
源自nginx官网网站文档： http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html
Nginx编译安装：
yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl #解决编译的问题
yum install openssl openssl-devel -y #安装openssl
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel -y #安装nginx环境
mkdir /home/oldboy/tools
cd /home/oldboy/tools
wget -q http://mirrors.sohu.com/nginx/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.3
useradd www -s /sbin/nologin -M
./configure --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/
make
make install
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
Nginx配置：
cd /application/nginx/conf
#egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf
cat >nginx.conf <<EOF
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream www_server_pools {
server 10.0.0.7 weight=1;
server 10.0.0.8 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
proxy_set_header Host \$host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP \$remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://www_server_pools;
}
}
}
EOF
../sbin/nginx -t
../sbin/nginx
#../sbin/nginx -s reload
lsof -i :80
cat >/etc/hosts <<EOF
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5 lb01 www.etiantian.org etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org
172.16.1.6 lb02
172.16.1.7 web02
172.16.1.8 web01
172.16.1.31 nfs01
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.61 m01
EOF
循环测试:
for n in `seq 10`;do curl etiantian.org;sleep 1;done
方法一：添加辅助ip（由ip命令创建）： ifconfig配置的叫做别名
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
手动切换lb01和lb02的方法 用辅助ip，然后模拟lb01或者lb02宕机。
方法二：keepalive
yum -y install keepalived
#主lb01
yum -y install keepalived
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
EOF
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
/etc/init.d/keepalived restart
ip addr |grep 10.0.0.3
=====================================================我是可爱的分割线=========================================================
#备lb02:
yum -y install keepalived
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
EOF
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
/etc/init.d/keepalived restart
ip addr |grep 10.0.0.3
提示：检测方法可以使用arp来查看mac地址区别对应的ip和主机。
添加 ip_hash; 可以轮寻ip的时候保持会话，避免集群的时候让用户频繁登录，因为每次用户登录都是把会员文件保存在本地 /tmp目录，如果轮寻到下个不同ip会导致没有/tmp的会话文件，就会提示重新登录。
缺点就是 会导致负载不均衡的问题把！
cd /application/nginx/conf
cat >nginx.conf <<EOF
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream www_server_pools {
ip_hash;
server 10.0.0.7 weight=1;
server 10.0.0.8 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
proxy_set_header Host \$host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP \$remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://www_server_pools;
}
}
}
EOF
../sbin/nginx -t
../sbin/nginx -s reload
比起 ip_hash; 更好的办法是搭建memcached，redis来存储所有web服务器的会话文件，而不是再存储在每台web服务器本地/tmp目录下。这样，任何一个用户登录、任何一个会话到任意一个web服务器都会去后面的节点reids等服务器上去验证 会话文件（session）。
2017年6月6日 13:26:01-
参考其他人的述职报告，完善自己的方案来！
镇楼！
http://www.cnblogs.com/lonnelan/p/3991298.html 搭建本地yum源
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