Laravel Middleware 中间件笔记

Posted 2020-06-22 小虾ff

Laravel的中间件可以方便的过滤进入我们网页的请求。包括用户授权，CORS来指定流出请求的header等。

定义一个新的中间件可以使用命令：

php artisan make:middleware AgeMiddleware

这条命令在app/Http/Middleware中创建AgeMiddleware类。

我们假设我们过滤所有年龄小于200的请求：

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class AgeMiddleware
{
    /**
     * Run the request filter.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        if ($request->input(‘age‘) <= 200) {
            return redirect(‘home‘);
        }

        return $next($request);
    }

}

通过调用$next回调函数就可以将请求往下传递。

Middleware的过滤不局限于请求到达，当请求处理完毕后，也可以经由Middleware处理过滤：

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class BeforeMiddleware
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        // Perform action

        return $next($request);
    }
}

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class AfterMiddleware
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $response = $next($request);

        // Perform action

        return $response;
    }
}

 

如果需要你的middleware能够过滤全部Http请求，只需要在app/Http/Kernel.php的$middleware中列出即可。

如果需要将middleware指定给特定的route，首先需要在app/Http/Kernel.php中的$routeMiddleware里声明一个简单的key：

protected $routeMiddleware = [
    ‘auth‘ => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
    ‘auth.basic‘ => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
    ‘guest‘ => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
    ‘throttle‘ => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
];

声明后即可在route里使用，route还可以同时指定多个middleware：

Route::get(‘admin/profile‘, [‘middleware‘ => ‘auth‘, function () {
    //
}]);

Route::get(‘/‘, [‘middleware‘ => [‘first‘, ‘second‘], function () {
    //
}]);

也可以通过方法指定：

Route::get(‘/‘, function () {
    //
})->middleware([‘first‘, ‘second‘]);

我们也可以将多个Middleware Group在app/Http/Kernel.php中声明成为一个Middleware，如我们熟知的web和api Middleware：

protected $middlewareGroups = [
    ‘web‘ => [
        \App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
        \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
        \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
    ],

    ‘api‘ => [
        ‘throttle:60,1‘,
        ‘auth:api‘,
    ],
];

Middleware同时也接受传参，只需要在最后一个变量$next后加入新的参数即可。传参时需要在route中用:分隔Middleware和参数：

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class RoleMiddleware
{
    /**
     * Run the request filter.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @param  string  $role
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, $role)
    {
        if (! $request->user()->hasRole($role)) {
            // Redirect...
        }

        return $next($request);
    }

}

Route::put(‘post/{id}‘, [‘middleware‘ => ‘role:editor‘, function ($id) {
    //
}]);