使用Buildozer部署Kivy到移动设备上

Posted 2020-09-19 Chen Jian

在安装好Buildozer软件之后，我们在包含main.py的文件夹下运行buildozer init这个命令，然后我们就会看到在该文件夹下有一个buildozer.spec这个文件，这个文件主要是用来配置一系列设置用的，使用文本编辑器，Linux下使用vim编辑器打开。 
下面是个例子：

[app]
# (str) Title of your application 更改1
title = Test
# (str) Package name 更改2
package.name = test
# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = org.example
# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .
# (list) Source files to include (let empty to include all the files)
source.include_exts = py,png,jpg,kv,atlas
# (list) Source files to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_exts = spec
# (list) List of directory to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_dirs = tests, bin
# (list) List of exclusions using pattern matching
#source.exclude_patterns = license,images/*/*.jpg
# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
# version.regex = __version__ = ‘(.*)‘
# version.filename = %(source.dir)s/main.py
# (str) Application versioning (method 2) 更改3
version = 0.1
# (list) Application requirements 更改4
requirements = kivy
# (str) Presplash of the application 更改5
presplash.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/presplash.png
# (str) Icon of the application 更改6
icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/icon.png
# (str) Supported orientation (one of landscape, portrait or all) 更改7
orientation = all
# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not 更改8
fullscreen = 0

#
# Android specific 更改9
#
# (list) Permissions
android.permissions = INTERNET
# (int) Android API to use 更改10
android.api = 19
# (int) Minimum API required (8 = Android 2.2 devices)
# 更改11
android.minapi = 9
# (int) Android SDK version to use 更改12
android.sdk = 20
# (str) Android NDK version to use 更改13
android.ndk = 9c
# (bool) Use --private data storage (True) or --dir public storage (False)
android.private_storage = True
# (str) Android NDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ndk_path =
# (str) Android SDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.sdk_path =
# (str) Android entry point, default is ok for Kivy-based app
#android.entrypoint = org.renpy.android.PythonActivity
# (list) List of Java .jar files to add to the libs so that pyjnius can access
# their classes. Don‘t add jars that you do not need, since extra jars can slow
# down the build process. Allows wildcards matching, for example:
# OUYA-ODK/libs/*.jar
#android.add_jars = foo.jar,bar.jar,path/to/more/*.jar
# (list) List of Java files to add to the android project (can be java or a
# directory containing the files)
#android.add_src =
# (str) python-for-android branch to use, if not master, useful to try
# not yet merged features.
#android.branch = master
# (str) OUYA Console category. Should be one of GAME or APP
# If you leave this blank, OUYA support will not be enabled
#android.ouya.category = APP
# (str) Filename of OUYA Console icon. It must be a 732x412 png image.
#android.ouya.icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/ouya_icon.png
# (str) XML file to include as an intent filters in <activity> tag
#android.manifest.intent_filters =
# (list) Android additionnal libraries to copy into libs/armeabi
#android.add_libs_armeabi = libs/android/*.so
# (bool) Indicate whether the screen should stay on
# Don‘t forget to add the WAKE_LOCK permission if you set this to True
#android.wakelock = False
# (list) Android application meta-data to set (key=value format)
#android.meta_data =
# (list) Android library project to add (will be added in the
# project.properties automatically.)
#android.library_references =
#
# iOS specific
#
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the debug version
# Get a list of available identities: buildozer ios list_identities
#ios.codesign.debug = "iPhone Developer: <lastname> <firstname> (<hexstring>)"
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the release version
#ios.codesign.release = %(ios.codesign.debug)s

[buildozer]

# (int) Log level (0 = error only, 1 = info, 2 = debug (with command output)) 更改14
log_level = 2
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# List as sections
#
# You can define all the "list" as [section:key].
# Each line will be considered as a option to the list.
# Let‘s take [app] / source.exclude_patterns.
# Instead of doing:
#
# [app]
# source.exclude_patterns = license,data/audio/*.wav,data/images/original/*
#
# This can be translated into:
#
# [app:source.exclude_patterns]
# license
# data/audio/*.wav
# data/images/original/*
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Profiles
#
# You can extend section / key with a profile
# For example, you want to deploy a demo version of your application without
# HD content. You could first change the title to add "(demo)" in the name
# and extend the excluded directories to remove the HD content.
#
# [[email protected]]
# title = My Application (demo)
#
# [app:[email protected]]
# images/hd/*
#
# Then, invoke the command line with the "demo" profile:
#
# buildozer --profile demo android debug
总共做了14个更改。

title 
为了避免某些字符可能引起的不工作，最好避免过长的标题，太长的标题到时候也可能不适应在App的图标下。

package.name 
package.name只能是一个单词，只能是由ASCII字符或数字组成，不应该包含特殊字符。比如说，如果你的应用叫Test One，那么package name就应该写成 testone。

package.domain 
这个应该填写的是制作这个App的公司或个人的名称，domain+name将会成为该应用对于Android 或iOS的标识。

source.dir 
填写包含main.py这些文件的目录路径，默认是在buildozer.spec所在的目录。

source.include_exts 
设置将扩展名符合该规则的文件包含进来。如果想将所有属于你自己的扩展名文件包含进来，直接将该值设置为空值，这样就能将所有东西包含进来了。

source.exclude_exts 
跟上面相对应的，这里设置的是不将符合该规则扩展名的文件包含进来。

source.exclude_dirs 
这里设置的是不将符合该规则的目录包含进来。比如说，如果不想将tests和bin目录包含进来的话，就进行如下设置。

source.exclude_dirs = tests, bin
version.regex 
使用正则表达式去捕捉version.filename文件内的version信息。默认的捕捉方法是在main.py里面查找类似下面一行的内容。
__version__ = "1.0"
version.filename 
默认是指main.py文件

version 
用来自己手动设置version，如果你不想用捕捉的方法获取到version的话，你可以将version.regex 和 version.filename给注释掉，然后给version赋一个值，例如。

# version.regex =
# version.filename =
version = 1.0
requirements 
填写该App所需要的Python的模块或扩展模块

presplash.filename 
Presplash是应用刚打开加载时显示的图像，对于不同的平台presplash可能会有不同的要求，目前Buildozer在该方面对于Android的支持要好于iOS。图片的类型必须是JPG或PNG的，最好是2次幂的尺寸，比如说512X512类型的图片对于所有的机器运行都很好。Presplash图片是不会自己适应、伸缩屏幕的，如果提供在尺寸的图片，可能就不适合在小屏幕的机器上显示。

icon.filename 
应用的图标，作为图标的图片必须是512X512而且是PNG格式的，这样才能够适应很多平台的要求。

orientation 
指明该App支持的显示方向，默认是landscape（横向显示），也可以更改为portrait（竖向显示）或者是全部。

fullscreen 
该值为布尔类型的，默认是true，这样App就会运行在全屏的状态了，意味着状态栏将会被隐藏。如果想要让用户能够看到状态栏、时间、通知等内容的话，就应该将该值设置为0。