ArrayList源码解析

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 1.isEmpty( )

   如果此列表中没有元素,则返回 true

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains no elements.*/
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

  判断ArrayList是否为空,size为0时,即不包含任何成员时为空,返回true。

2.indexOf(Object o) 

 返回此列表中首次出现的指定元素的索引,或如果此列表不包含元素,则返回 -1。

    public int indexOf(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                if (elementData[i]==null)
                    return i;
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
                    return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }

  原理就是从前向后遍历数组,看其中是否有元素与所给的元素相等,有则返回索引。

3.lastIndexOf(Object o)

  返回此列表中最后一次出现的指定元素的索引,或如果此列表不包含索引,则返回 -1。

    public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
                if (elementData[i]==null)
                    return i;
        } else {
            for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
                    return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }

  此方法原理同IndexOf,只是从后向前遍历

4.contains(Object o)

   /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element.
     * More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this list contains
     * at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;e==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(e))</tt>.
     * @param o element whose presence in this list is to be tested
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element
     */
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        return indexOf(o) >= 0;
    }

  contains方法中调用indexOf方法,如果ArrayList中含有此元素,则IndexOf返回的索引值一定大于等于零

5.clone()

  返回此 ArrayList 实例的浅表副本。

    /**
     * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance.  (The
     * elements themselves are not copied.)
     *
     * @return a clone of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance
     */
    public Object clone() {
        try {
            ArrayList<?> v = (ArrayList<?>) super.clone();
            v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
            v.modCount = 0;
            return v;
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            // this shouldn‘t happen, since we are Cloneable
            throw new InternalError(e);
        }
    }

  clone方法先调用根类Object的clone方法复制一个ArrayList v,然后将当前ArrayList的elementData复制到一个新数组,并让ArrayList v的elementData指向新数组。

  因为v是新建立的,没有被修改过,modCount赋值为0。

  注意,clone只是对ArrayList的浅复制,成员本身并没有被复制。

6.toArray()

   按适当顺序(从第一个到最后一个元素)返回包含此列表中所有元素的数组

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list
     * in proper sequence (from first to last element).
     *
     * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
     * maintained by this list.  (In other words, this method must allocate
     * a new array).  The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
     *
     * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
     * APIs.
     *
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this list in
     *         proper sequence
     */
    public Object[] toArray() {
        return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
    }

  toArray()方法返回一个包含ArrayList所有元素的数组。该方法其实分配了一个新的Object数组,将elementData的成员复制到新的Object数组中,并将这个数组返回。

  注意,ArrayList中没有指向toArray返回的数组的引用,调用者可以随意修改

  toArray方法充当着基于Array和基于Collection的APIs的桥梁。

7.toArray(T[] a)     

  按适当顺序(从第一个到最后一个元素)返回包含此列表中所有元素的数组;返回数组的运行时类型是指定数组的运行时类型。

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper
     * sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of the returned
     * array is that of the specified array.  If the list fits in the
     * specified array, it is returned therein.  Otherwise, a new array is
     * allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of
     * this list.
     *
     * <p>If the list fits in the specified array with room to spare
     * (i.e., the array has more elements than the list), the element in
     * the array immediately following the end of the collection is set to
     * <tt>null</tt>.  (This is useful in determining the length of the
     * list <i>only</i> if the caller knows that the list does not contain
     * any null elements.)
     *
     * @param a the array into which the elements of the list are to
     *          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
     *          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.
     * @return an array containing the elements of the list
     * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
     *         is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
     *         this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        if (a.length < size)
            // Make a new array of a‘s runtime type, but my contents:
            return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass());
        System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size);
        if (a.length > size)
            a[size] = null;
        return a;
    }

  这个方法是将ArrayList的所有元素拷贝到数组a中。

  当ArrayList的size大于a的length时,也就是说a太小容纳不下ArrayList的所有元素,则调用Arrays.copyOf进行复制,这时不会再使用a,而是新开一个数组足够大的数组,将元素复制到新数组后将新数组返回。

  如果a足够大可以容纳ArrayList的所有元素时,调用System.arraycopy进行复制,a的前size个位置是从ArrayList复制过来的元素,如果a.size==ArrayList.length,恰好装满,直接返回;如果a.size>ArrayList.length,则a[size]=null,表示结束。

8. elementData(int index)

    // Positional Access Operations
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    E elementData(int index) {
        return (E) elementData[index];
    }

  elementData方法返回其内部数组elementData的index位置上的元素。

9.rangeCheck(int index)、  rangeCheckForAdd(int index)

    /**
     * Checks if the given index is in range.  If not, throws an appropriate
     * runtime exception.  This method does *not* check if the index is
     * negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,
     * which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.
     */
    private void rangeCheck(int index) {
        if (index >= size)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }

    /**
     * A version of rangeCheck used by add and addAll.
     */
    private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
        if (index > size || index < 0)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }

  rangeCheck方法其实就是检测index是否越界,ArrayList只有size个元素,index>=size时抛出越界异常。

  rangeCheckForAdd()方法也是检测index是否越界,条件是index<0 || index >size。

  值得注意的一点是rangeCheck和rangeCheckForAdd方法检测越界的提条件的差别

  rangeCheck供get、set和remove方法调用,这些都是在已经存在的元素上操作,范围自然是0到size-1

  rangeCheckForAdd方法由add方法调用,添加元素的位置可以是0到size-1,表示在元素中间插入,也可以是size,表示在所有元素之后插入。但是在大于size的位置插入时不可以,因为插入的元素和原有元素之间就留下了空档

10.get(int index)

    返回此列表中指定位置上的元素。

    /**
     * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
     *
     * @param  index index of the element to return
     * @return the element at the specified position in this list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E get(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        return elementData(index);
    }

11.set(int index, E element)         

   用指定的元素替代此列表中指定位置上的元素。

    /**
     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with
     * the specified element.
     *
     * @param index index of the element to replace
     * @param element element to be stored at the specified position
     * @return the element previously at the specified position
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E set(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        E oldValue = elementData(index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        return oldValue;
    }

12.remvoe(int index)

   移除此列表中指定位置上的元素

    /**
     * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
     * indices).
     * @param index the index of the element to be removed
     * @return the element that was removed from the list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E remove(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        modCount++;
        E oldValue = elementData(index);

        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

        return oldValue;
    }

  值得注意的是,当移除某个元素之后,它之后的所有元素都要向前移动一位,计算方式为 numMoved=size-index-1;

  当index为size-1时,没有需要移动的元素;

  numMoved>0时,调用System.arraycopy()方法移动元素,而且elementData[--size]=null,这里还将size减了1

13.fastRemove(int index)

    /*
     * Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not
     * return the value removed.
     */
    private void fastRemove(int index) {
        modCount++;
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    }

  fastRemove方法是私有的,仅供remove(Object o)方法调用

  fastRemove方法和remove(int index)方法的不同之处只在于fastRemove不进行边界检查,不返回值;因为fastRemove不需要这些功能。

14.remove(Object o)

  移除此列表中首次出现的指定元素(如果存在)。

    /**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
     * if it is present.  If the list does not contain the element, it is
     * unchanged.  More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
     * <tt>i</tt> such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;get(i)==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(get(i)))</tt>
     * (if such an element exists).  Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list
     * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
     * changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (elementData[index] == null) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        } else {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
    }

  方法移除ArrayList中出现的第一个元素o,采用遍历的方式获得要删除元素的索引index然后调用fastRemove(int index)将其移除

  注意对元素o的判等方式,为null时使用==,否则使用equals方法。

15.removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex)         

   移除列表中索引在 fromIndex(包括)和 toIndex(不包括)之间的所有元素。

    /**
     * Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between
     * {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive.
     * Shifts any succeeding elements to the left (reduces their index).
     * This call shortens the list by {@code (toIndex - fromIndex)} elements.
     * (If {@code toIndex==fromIndex}, this operation has no effect.)
     *
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} or
     *         {@code toIndex} is out of range
     *         ({@code fromIndex < 0 ||
     *          fromIndex >= size() ||
     *          toIndex > size() ||
     *          toIndex < fromIndex})
     */
    protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        modCount++;
        int numMoved = size - toIndex;
        System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,
                         numMoved);

        // clear to let GC do its work
        int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex);
        for (int i = newSize; i < size; i++) {
            elementData[i] = null;
        }
        size = newSize;
    }

  removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex)方法是移除list中fromIndex到toIndex之间的元素,注意包括fromIndex,但是不包括toIndex

  还要注意,fromIndex的合法取值为0到size-1,toIndex的合法取值为0到size,而且toIndex≥fromIndex

  当fromIndex==toIndex时, 此函数不做任何操作

  当移除n个元素之后,这之后的所有元素都要向前移动n位,计算方式为 numMoved=size-toIndex;

  当toIndex为size时,没有需要移动的元素;

  numMoved>0时,调用System.arraycopy()方法移动元素。

  List的size变为newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex),并且elementData从newSize到size-1都要填充为null,最后size=newSize。

16.outOfBoundsMsg(int index)

    /**
     * Constructs an IndexOutOfBoundsException detail message.
     * Of the many possible refactorings of the error handling code,
     * this "outlining" performs best with both server and client VMs.
     */
    private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
        return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size;
    }

  此方法只是用来辅助在发生异常时输出越界信息的。

17.clear()

  移除此列表中的所有元素。

    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this list.  The list will
     * be empty after this call returns.
     */
    public void clear() {
        modCount++;

        // clear to let GC do its work
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            elementData[i] = null;

        size = 0;
    }

  clear方法比较简单,将所有的元素赋值为null即可。

18.removeAll(Collection<?> c)、retainAll(Collection<?> c)

  前者移除ArrayList中那些也包含在指定 collection 中的所有元素(可选操作)。此调用返回后,collection 中将不包含任何与指定 collection 相同的元素。

  后者仅保留ArrayList中那些也包含在指定 collection 的元素(可选操作)。换句话说,移除此 collection 中未包含在指定 collection 中的所有元素。

    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
        return batchRemove(c, false);
    }

    public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
        return batchRemove(c, true);
    }

这两个方法都是调用batchRemove实现

  batchRemove(c,false);

  batchRemove(c,true);

不同的地方只有第二个参数一个为false,一个为true

19.batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement)

  实现移除或保留ArrayList中那些也包含在指定 collection 中的所有元素。

    private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
        final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
        int r = 0, w = 0;
        boolean modified = false;
        try {
            for (; r < size; r++)
                if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
                    elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
        } finally {
            // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
            // even if c.contains() throws.
            if (r != size) {
                System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
                                 elementData, w,
                                 size - r);
                w += size - r;
            }
            if (w != size) {
                // clear to let GC do its work
                for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
                    elementData[i] = null;
                modCount += size - w;
                size = w;
                modified = true;
            }
        }
        return modified;
    }
  这个方法的重点在下面几句
            for (; r < size; r++)
                if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
                    elementData[w++] = elementData[r];

  当complement为true时,elementData中所有包含在c中的元素被保留了下来;

  当complement为false时,elementData中所有未包含在c中的元素被保留了下来。

 

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