老男孩Linux学习 -- 关于添加第二块磁盘的那些事

Posted 2020-06-20

   2016/03/10 周四 下午 4点43分

   明天老师就要Linux系统目录结构知识了。

   一直纠结一个问题："Linux主机在使用一段时间后，再新添一块磁盘后，怎么识别、格式化分区、挂载。重点是挂载在什么目录下，能否直接挂载到 跟 ‘/‘下？"

   介于此问题，随即在网上开始爬文 

   结论就是 可以挂载到 / 根 下 但貌似没有鸟用。以此引出下面的总结---关于挂载那点事。

   首先查看机器上有几块磁盘：  fdisk -l

[[email protected] /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0005a3b0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26         128      819200   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3             128        1045     7363584   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    格式化磁盘并写入文件系统 ： mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!

Proceed anyway? (y,n) y

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

524288 inodes, 2097152 blocks

104857 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648

64 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks: 

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

        挂载新硬盘到操作系统的某个节点上

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdb /mnt/

    或者新建，做为挂载点

        执行df命令查看磁盘信息，确认挂载新硬盘成功

[[email protected] ~]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3       6.8G  1.5G  5.1G  23% /

tmpfs           238M     0  238M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1       190M   40M  141M  22% /boot

/dev/sdb        7.8G   18M  7.4G   1% /mnt

        设置开机启动自动挂载 

         新创建的分区不能开机自动挂载，每次重启机器都要手动挂载。 
             设置开机自动挂载需要修改/etc/fstab文件 

[[email protected] /]# vi /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Tue Mar  1 10:40:56 2016

#

............................华丽丽的省略号..........................................

tmpfs          /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts            /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs         /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc            /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb         /var                    ext4    defaults        0 0

    卸载磁盘

[[email protected] /]# umount /mnt/  

[[email protected] /]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3       6.8G  1.5G  5.1G  23% /

tmpfs           238M     0  238M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1       190M   40M  141M  22% /boot

   同步数据

[[email protected] ~]# sync

如果可以的话 最好 #reboot 华丽丽的重启一下 ！！

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